نتایج جستجو برای: topmodel
تعداد نتایج: 140 فیلتر نتایج به سال:
ضریب رواناب در روش مشهور استدلالی برای محاسبه سیلاب طراحی و در روش بیلان برای محاسبه نفوذ و ارتفاع بارش مازاد استفاده می گردد. ضریب رواناب حوضه درصدی از بارندگی است که به رواناب تبدیل میشود. مقدار ضریب رواناب به ویژگیهای دامنههای حوضه مانند توپوگرافی، شیب، بافت خاک، پوشش گیاهی و بارش بستگی دارد که این ویژگیها در زمان و مکان در سطح حوضه تغییر میکنند. TOPMODEL یک مدل نیمه توزیعی است که در آن...
There is a lack of Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) formulations in numerical hydrology, contributing to the application canned adaptive timestep solvers; hence continued dominance fixed (e.g., Euler) techniques despite their fundamental problems. In this paper, we reformulate Dynamic-TOPMODEL into constraint-handling ODE form and use MATLAB's advanced ODE-solvers solve resulting system equ...
On the Kriging of Water Table Elevations Using Collateral Information from a Digital Elevation Model
In uncon®ned aquifers ¯owing under topographic gradients, the water table is a subdued replica of the ground surface above. This principle is the basis for using detailed collateral or secondary information from digital elevation models to supplement sparse observations from water wells in the mapping of phreatic surfaces. Data from DEM-derived secondary variables are incorporated into the esti...
In this paper, we discuss the problem of calibration and uncertainty estimation for hydrologic systems from two points of view: a bottom-up, reductionist approach; and a top-down, data-based mechanistic (DBM) approach. The two approaches are applied to the modelling of the River Hodder catchment in North-West England. The bottom-up 5 approach is developed using the TOPMODEL, whose structure is ...
مدل سازی پدیده های هیدرولوژیکی نیازمند استخراج مصنوعی شبکه آبراهه ها می باشد. ارائه روشی که بتواند تاحد ممکن بهترین تطابق را با واقعیت داشته باشد هدفی است که همواره دنبال می شود. توپوگرافی عامل مهم و اساسی در پاسخ حوضه به بارش به علت اثر نیروی ثقل بر روی حرکت جریان آب در سطح حوضه می باشد. یکی از مهم ترین پارامترهای وابسته به توپوگرافی که در تحلیل فرایندهای هیدرولوژیکی نقش مهمی ایفا می کند، مساح...
TOPMODEL rainfall-runoff hydrologic concepts are based on soil saturation processes, where soil controls on hydrograph recession have been represented by linear, exponential, and power function decay with soil depth. Although these decay formulations have been incorporated into baseflow decay and topographic index computations, only the linear and exponential forms have been incorporated into i...
By increased rural-urban migration in many African countries, the assessment of changes in catchment hydrologic responses due to urbanization is critical for water resource planning and management. This paper assesses hydrological impacts of urbanization on two medium-sized Zimbabwean catchments (Mukuvisi and Marimba) for which changes in land cover by urbanization were determined through Lands...
Three geographic information system GIS -based distributed hydrological models were developed for flood simulation and forecasting in a subbasin of the Yellow River. A grid-and-topography-based distributed hydrological physical model, i.e., the GTOPMODEL model, is described that includes vegetation and root interception, evapotranspiration, and runoff generation via the saturation excess mechan...
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