1.1 Topography of Music 1.1.1 The Ontological Topography of Music The role of semiotic aspects in musicology is best described from the complex ontological topography of music. We start this article from the fundamental description [70], stating that “music is communication, has meaning and mediates on the physical level between its mental and psychic levels”. This fact suggests that three onto...

When planning the most efficient route from one location to another, people tend to prefer southern routes over northern routes of equal length and complexity. This asymmetry has been attributed to implicit associations between cardinal direction and relative elevation (i.e., north = higher), and holds even when regional topography conflicts with these associations. No such asymmetry has been o...

To assist in targeting of landers and to enable comparison of new elevation data to previous topography models, we have re-determined the position of the 6. l-mbar atmospheric pressure surface on Mars with respect to surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA). The 6.1-mbar surface lies, on average, 1600 m below the geoid-defined zero level of MOLA topography, which occurs a...

In the developing visual system, growing retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons are exposed to multiple guidance and growth factors. Furthermore, the relative levels of these factors are differentially regulated as topography is roughly established and then refined. We have shown that during the establishment of rough topography (P3), growth cones of pure and explanted RGCs treated with combinations...

Native vascular extracellular matrices (vECM) consist of elastic fibers that impart varied topographical properties, yet most in vitro models designed to study the effects of topography on cell behavior are not representative of native architecture. Here, we engineer an electrospun elastin-like protein (ELP) system with independently tunable, vECM-mimetic topography and demonstrate that increas...

Topographical cues, independent of biochemistry, generated by the extracellular matrix may have significant effects upon cellular behavior. Studies have documented that substratum topography has direct effects on the ability of cells to orient themselves, migrate, and produce organized cytoskeletal arrangements. Basement membranes are composed of extracellular matrix proteins and found througho...

The formation of internal waves from evanescent regions is studied experimentally with a Gaussian topography and varying natural frequency (N) profiles. When a topography is encompassed by an evanescent region, where N is less than the imposed excitation frequency, only evanescent waves are generated. The amplitude of these evanescent waves decay at an exponential rate while traveling verticall...

This paper discusses the derivation and then numerical solutions of a fully-nonlinear, weakly-dispersive model for internal tides and solitary-like waves in two-layer stratifications. The model is an extension of the Miyata-Choi-Camassa theory to include rotation and variable topography. While the effects of rotation have previously been studied, the inclusion of variable topography, and forcin...

Using observations of basal topography, ice thickness and modern accumulation rates, we use theory and a dynamic flowline model to examine the sensitivity of Antarctica’s Foundation Ice Stream to changes in sea level, accumulation and buttressing at the grounding line. Our sensitivity studies demonstrate that the steep, upward-sloping basal topography inland from the grounding line serves to st...

ith the expanding literature and discourse at professional meetings regarding the influence of corneal topography on outcomes following laser refractive surgery, the need for a universal, standardized classification system has become increasingly apparent. We have previously reported a seven-category topography classification schema for eyes following excimer laser pho-torefractive keratectomy ...