Although there is a great deal known about menthol as a flavoring agent in foods and confections, less is known about the particular sensory properties of menthol cigarette smoke. Similarly, although smoking topography (the unique way an individual smokes a cigarette) has been well studied using non-menthol cigarettes, there is relatively less known about how menthol affects smoking behavior. T...

Large regions of East Antarctica lack a reasonable topographic model because, until recently, only a few observations of ice thickness have been available to constrain the bedrock elevation. The acquisition of GRACE satellite gravity data has created a new opportunity to model the sub-ice topography. Here we have applied two methods for predicting topography based on the satellite data. Gravity...

Introduction: Glaze et al. [1] and Baloga et al. [2] have both recently indicated the importance of understanding the scale of a lava flow relative to the surrounding topography in extracting inferences about rheologic changes and the interpretation of the style of emplacement. The underlying scientific issue is whether flow emplacement is controlled by the largescale topographic inclination or...

this paper presents the fatigue life behavior of hub using random vibration based on road roughness. the main objectives of this study are to predict the fatigue life and to identify the critical location for evaluating fatigue damage. asphalt road surface profiles obtained in favorable circumstances by topography cameras and in according road classification iso 2631-1estimate road roughness su...

middle of squares, one of the components of physical aspect is considered as an appropriateindicator in designing successful urban squares, which consequently promotes visual quality. the present study aims todetermine how the above mentioned aspect was presented in the middle-ages and renaissance within italian squares.considering the aim of the investigation, library studies as well as visual...

Topographic Effects on Stormflow Acidity David Wolock 1 This paper describes the theoretical and observed effects of topography onstormflow acidity in upland, forested watersheds. The theoretical effects were determined by a sensitivity analysis using the hydrologic model TOPMODEL. The observed effects were determined by an analysis of topographic and stormflow acidity data collected from eight...