This paper shows how modern ideas of scaling can be used to model topography with various morphologies and also to accurately characterize topography over wide ranges of scales. Our argument is divided in two parts. We first survey the main topographic models and show that they are based on convolutions of basic structures (singularities) with noises. Focusing on models with large numbers of de...

Rivers have eroded the topography of Mars, Titan, and Earth, creating diverse landscapes. However, the dominant processes that generated topography on Titan (and to some extent on early Mars) are not well known. We analyzed drainage patterns on all three bodies and found that large drainages, which record interactions between deformation and erosional modification, conform much better to long-w...

R ivers develop on planetary bodies from the interplay of climate and topography. In planetary contexts, rivers and their effects are used to constrain shortand long-term climate models. However, rivers are also controlled by the shortand long-wavelength topography of the planetary surface. Rivers thus provide a means to constrain the generation of topography. On page 727 of this issue, Black e...

Scale invariance property in the global geometry of Earth may lead to a coupled interactive behaviour between various components of the climate system. One of the most interesting correlations exists between spatial statistics of the global topography and the temperature on Earth. Here we show that the power-law behaviour observed in the Earth topography via different approaches, resembles a sc...

one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...

one of the difficulties in using absolute altitudes is the separation between the mean open sealevel and geoid. theoretically, geoid is the base level in absolute altitudes, but practically, the mean open sealevel is used as a base level for absolute altitudes. the difference between these two levels is called as the seasurface topography. in this research, it is dealt the mean sea level modeli...

Citation: Rontu L, Wastl C and Niemelä S (2016) Influence of the Details of Topography on Weather Forecast – Evaluation of HARMONIE Experiments in the Sochi Olympics Domain over the Caucasian Mountains. Front. Earth Sci. 4:13. doi: 10.3389/feart.2016.00013 Influence of the Details of Topography on Weather Forecast – Evaluation of HARMONIE Experiments in the Sochi Olympics Domain over the Caucas...