the aim of the study is the classification of landform based on elevation, slope, relief and curvature inputs (old method) and topographic position index (tpi) (new method) in the south of bojnoord. the input data for the two methods is a digital elevation model (dem). the results of topographic position index (tpi) model showed that most area of landform were covered by class 5 (plains small) ...

[1] A map of north–south subkilometer-scale slope asymmetry on Mars obtained from statistical analysis of along-track MOLA topographic profiles reveals welldefined zonal belts of north–south slope asymmetry at 40–50 latitude in both hemispheres. In these narrow anomalous belts the pole-facing slopes are systematically gentler than equator-facing slopes. This asymmetry is especially pronounced f...

Observation of gravity erosion in the field with strong sunshine and wind poses a challenge. Here, a novel topography meter together with a movable tent addresses the challenge. With the topography meter, a 3D geometric shape of the target surface can be digitally reconstructed. Before the commencement of a test, the laser generator position and the camera sightline should be adjusted with a si...

Calculations are presented of the rate of energy conversion of the barotropic tide into internal gravity waves above topography on the ocean floor. The ocean is treated as infinitely deep, and the topography consists of periodic obstructions; a Green function method is used to construct the scattered wavefield. The calculations extend the previous results of Balmforth et al. for subcritical top...

Figure 2. Slope Streaks in the ADV; Left: digitate streaks, image width 220 m; Right: parallel streaks and effect of local topography at lower left; image width 260 m. Slope is 20-30, top to bottom. Slope streaks in the Antarctic Dry Valleys: Characteristics, candidate formation mechanisms, and implications for slope streak formation in the Martian environment J. W. Head, D. R. Marchant, J. L. ...

The capability of evaluating and managing rockfall related risks is largely based on numerical modelling. Nevertheless, the reliability and accuracy of rockfall models is greatly affected by the strong uncertainty and spatial variability which characterise all the relevant parameters. In particular, 3D effects related to the variability of slope geometry and micro-topography play a major role i...

[1] The availability of high resolution topography from LIDAR offers new opportunities for objectively extracting the channels directly from a DEM using local topographic information, instead of inferring them indirectly based on global criteria, such as area or area-slope threshold relationships. Here we introduce the use of wavelet filtering to delineate threshold curvatures for defining vall...

[1] We conduct laboratory experiments and direct numerical simulations on internal gravity waves generated by tidal flow over a model three‐dimensional Gaussian mountain on the sea floor. When 2w < N (where w is the tidal frequency and N is the buoyancy frequency), the flow generates second harmonic internal waves that propagate perpendicular to the tidal forcing direction. These unexpected har...

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