Pakistan, with an estimated population of 135.6 million in 1999, is the seventh most populous country in the world. The historical trends indicate a continuous and exponentially increasing growth in population because of sustained high fertility and declining mortality. Currently, the population is growing at around 2.3 percent per annum, one of the highest rates of growth in the world. In Paki...

BACKGROUND Several surgical options for the reconstruction of massive bone defects have been described and include biologic methods with autografts and allografts, and the use of tumor endoprostheses (total femoral replacement, TFR). Several types of modular TFR are available, but nevertheless unpredictable outcomes and high complication rates have been described from most authors. The present ...

Sao Paulo Med J 2004; 122(3):79-80. The difference in Brazil’s age structure between 1980 and 2000 is very impressive, as shown in Figure 1. To demonstrate the process of aging that has taken place in this country, the proportion of the population aged over 60 years has increased from 6.1% to 8.6%. In 1980, no Brazilian State had more than 10% of its population in this age stratum. In 2000, the...

To study the biological and behavioral process of the recent drastic fertility decline in China, the authors reviewed relating factors (proximate determinants) and applied the Bongaarts model to the population of China for the years 1971 and 1981, during which the fertility rate dropped most rapidly and substantial population control policies were performed. By application of the model, the de...

This paper examines the relationship between the female labour force participation rate and total fertility rate for the G7 countries over the period 1960 to 2004 using panel unit root, panel cointegration, Granger causality and long-run structural estimation. The paper’s main findings are that the female labour force participation rate and total fertility rate are cointegrated for the panel of...

Objectives Total flavones from Rhododendron simsii Planch. (TFR) are the effective part extracted from the flowers of Rhododendron simsii Planch. and have obvious protective effects against cerebral ischemic or myocardial injuries in rabbits and rats. However, their mechanism of cardioprotection is still unrevealed. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the effect of TFR on m...

There has been a substantial increase in the number of hip and knee prostheses implanted in recent years, with a consequent increase in the number of revisions required. Total femur replacement (TFR) following destruction of the entire femur, usually after several previous revision operations, is a rare procedure but is the only way of avoiding amputation. Intramedullary femur replacement (IFR)...