This paper proposes a decision support model to determine the contribution of urban region in the National Target Total Fertility Rate using analytical hierarchical Process (AHP). The proposed model supports in regional sustainability developing regarding family planning programs by determining and reducing the contribution of each governorate in Urban region of TFR and its fertility rate takin...

Fertility in Japan dropped below replacement level in the middle of the 1970s and declined further since the middle of the 1980s, having reached the total fertility rate (TFR) of 1.42 in 1995. There is much evidence to show that such fertility decline occurred directly as the result of the rise in the proportion never married and the rise in the age at marriage and age at childbearing. In this ...

Indirect estimation methodologies of the total fertility rate (TFR) have a long history within demography and have provided important techniques applied demographers can use when data is sparse or lacking. However new methodologies for approximating the total fertility rate have not been proposed in nearly 30 years. This study presents a novel method for indirectly approximating the total ferti...

backgroundseveral studies have examined the relationship between human development index (hdi) and various health outcomes. the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between hdi, and infant mortality rate, mortality rate of children under one year and under 5 years, maternal mortality rate, and total fertility rate.materials and methodsin this ecologic study, data on hdi, total ...

The bayesTFR package for R provides a set of functions to produce probabilistic projections of the total fertility rate (TFR) for all countries. In the model, a random walk with drift is used to project the TFR during the fertility transition, using a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the parameters of the drift term. The TFR is modeled with a first order autoregressive process during the...

Containing over 90 big region, even big Muslim World. It c worlds sixth biggest has grown as a resul needs an appropriate ingredient. This stud Punjab. The analysi measured at district presented by using a summery measures h fertility levels. Thes te (CBR), general fertility rate (GFR), child woman ratio (CWR), marital fertility rate (MFR), gross reproduction rate (GRR), age specific fertility ...

This paper brings a new perspective to the population growth implications of low fertility levels European countries. For years between 2009 and 2018, whether constant fertility, mortality, net migration would generate long-run or decrease is indicated simply visually by comparison total rate (TFR) migration-adjusted replacement level. The results show that, when considered in combination with ...

The global population is at a turning point. At the end of 2004, the majority of the world’s population is believed to live in countries or regions below-replacement fertility, and the earlier distinct fertility regimes, ‘developed’ and ‘developing’, are increasingly disappearing in global comparisons of fertility levels (Wilson 2001, 2004). Several aspects of this convergence towards low ferti...

A cross-sectional, descriptive study with internal comparison was conducted among 1376 women of reproductive age with the objective of assessing the level and determinants of fertility in Awassa town, Ethiopia. Total Fertility Rate (TFR) was 3.4 and the mean Child Ever Born (CEB) was 1.72 and 3.02 among all women and married women. Regarding proximate determinants of fertility, the mean age at ...

Despite the widespread use of assisted reproductive technology (ART), few studies analyse its impact on total fertility rate (TFR). Furthermore, very little is known about how ART affects at older ages and contributes to family s