OBJECTIVE This report analyzes the patterns of childlessness, and conversely, the first-birth patterns of three birth cohorts of American women. For this report, a cohort refers to women born in the same year. The cohorts compared were women born in 1910, 1935, and 1960-who, consequently, turned 25 during the Great Depression, the Baby Boom, and lastly, the post-Baby Boom period. The purpose of...

total fertility rate relates to the number of children that a woman bears in the fertility period of her life. fertility function is one of the most important health and population indicators. this indicator affects social, health, economic and cultural factors. this study is an ecological or correlative one. factors affecting total fertility rate in iran in the year 2000 are studied in this pa...

BACKGROUND Though there has been profound research on the curious change in correlation between total fertility rate (TFR) and female labor force participation (FLP) in the mid-1980s, aspects of the compositional character of age-specific effects and the nature of countries’ heterogeneity have been neglected. OBJECTIVE The present paper aims to contribute to filling this gap by analyzing annual...

Recent trends in fertility and contraceptive prevalence indicate that the marital fertility transition in Pakistan, which has been anticipated for three decades, has begun in the 1990s. Before that decade, the total fertility rate had exceeded six births per woman for at least three decades, and fewer than 10 percent of married women practiced contraception. The most recent survey data, collect...

BACKGROUND The major causes of maternal and perinatal deaths are mostly pregnancy related. However, there are several predisposing factors for the increased risk of pregnancy related complications and deaths in developing countries. The objective of this review was to grossly estimate the effect of selected socioeconomic and cultural factors on maternal mortality, stillbirths and neonatal morta...

BACKGROUND Forecasting of health indicators is of great importance for health policy makers. This study is aimed to forecast some important health indicators like crude death rate (CDR), crude birth rate (CBR), and infant mortality rate (IMR) and total fertility rate (TFR) of Pakistan. METHODS In this retrolective study, annual data of these indicators for years 1984-2010 have been used. The ...

We present an alternative explanation of the positive relationship between total fertility rate (TFR) and female labor participation rate (FLPR) observed in recent cross section of OECD countries. We first use a simple model of consumer behavior where consumption good is indexed by quality, both consumption and child rearing require time and a physical good as inputs. The model predicts that wh...

Diachronic variations in demographic rates have frequently reflected social transformations and a (more or less evident) impact of sequential economic downturns. By assessing changes over time Total Fertility Rate (TFR) at the regional scale Italy, our study investigates long-term transition (1952–2019) characteristic Mediterranean fertility, showing continuous decline births since late 1970s m...

The Total Birth Rate or Fertility (TFR) is an important and strategic indicator to determine the success of a country entire in controlling its population through Family Planning program. Efforts made by government, especially BKKBN reducing TFR Indonesia, yielded good results with decline Indonesia 2017 2.4 has not reached target 2.1. impact that will occur, if this stagnation cannot be reduce...

INTRODUCTION Over the last few decades, total fertility rate (TFR) has followed a downward trend in Iran. The consequences of this trend from the perspectives of some are negative. Considering the macro-population policies in recent years, this study aimed to examine the effect of some macro socio-economic variables, including divorce, marriage, urbanization, and unemployment rate on TFR in Ira...