euphorbia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family euphorbiaceae. consisting of 2008 species. the genus euphorbia produces an irritant, which constitute a health hazard to humans and livestock. the genus euphorbia is one of the largest and most complex genera of flowering plants, however, several botanists have made unsuccessful attempts to subdivide it to smaller genera.  many eu...

purpose: to determine the maximum safe dose for intravitreal injection of anti-ctgf (ivac) in rat eyes in order to decrease gene and protein expression of connective tissue growth factor (ctgf) for the treatment of ocular fibrotic disorders. methods: forty-five lister hooded pigmented rats were divided into one of the five groups of 9 rats; 4 out of these 5 groups received different doses of iv...

background: chlorpyrifos is an organophosphate pesticide that elicits broad-spectrum insecticidal activity against a number of important arthropod pests. determining the insecticides’ toxicity to amphibians can give us a better understanding regarding the role of toxicants in amphibian declines. this information would be beneficial to assess their ecological relevance at environmental concentra...

Hemoptysis and pulmonary edema associated with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is a known condition, but is probably underreported. The mechanisms of induction of pulmonary toxicity are still not well understood. We describe a case of hemoptysis and dyspnea in a scuba diver who was taking diclofenac.

Fruit flies live longer at the partial pressure of oxygen found in air than at either larger or smaller partial pressures. Flies exposed to 1 atm of oxygen for 8 hr every day do not recover completely in the remaining 16 hr. In general, intermittent exposures to 1 atm of oxygen are better tolerated than continuous exposure to the same average oxygen concentration per day, but exposures to highe...

Generic water quality guidelines (WQGs) are developed by countries/regions as broad scale tools to assist with the protection of aquatic ecosystems from the impacts of toxicants. However, since generic WQGs cannot adequately account for the many environmental factors that may affect toxicity at a particular site, site-specific WQGs are often needed, especially for high environmental value ecosy...

Concurrent porewater (PW) and elutriate (ELU) toxicity testing using newly fertilized larvae of the bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis was conducted as part of sediment quality triad (SQT) investigations for urban harbor locations. PW samples were consistently more toxic to bivalve larvae than the corresponding ELU sample, including samples collected from uncontaminated reference locations. Ammo...

New stability indicating chromatographic methods have been developed for estimation of Assay and Impurities of Docetaxel in Docetaxel injection for evaluation of pharmaceutical quality. With this method, the process related impurities and degradants are well separated from the peaks due to placebo. The relative retention times and relative response factors of the known impurities have been esta...

the use of adjuvants enhances the insecticide efficiency and increases the persistence of insecticides. in this study, the effect of adjuvants on the toxicity of chlorpyrifos and cyhalothrin formulations were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. the comparative toxicity of two chlorpyrifos [(48% emulsifiable concentrate (ec)] formulations (dursban and pyrifos el nasr), two cyhalo...