introduction : methotrexate (mtx) is an anti folate drug that used in malignant and non malignant patients. the usage of high dose methotrexate was limited to patients with: osteogenic sarcoma, ewing sarcoma and lymphoma. the aim this study was to determine the toxicity or side effects of very high dose methotrexate (8-10 gr/m 2 /cycle). this study is the first study in iranian patients and one...

background: although various surface disinfectants have been introduced, most of them are toxic. the use of natural antimicrobial agent e.g. phytol, extracted from leptadenia pyrotechnica is a new strategy. the aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity, toxicity, and stability of phytol. methods: the serial concentrations of phytol were prepared, and separately incubated with...

saffron (crocus sativus l.) has been considered as a medicinal plant since ancient times and also widely used as food additive for its color, taste and odor. the pharmacological properties of saffron and its main constituents, crocin and safranal have been evaluated using different in vivo and in vitro models. additionally, other lines of studies have found toxicological effects of saffron.  ho...

background increases in aminotransferases (transaminitis) are potential major adverse reactions seen with long-term use of methotrexate (mtx). the aim of this study, therefore was to evaluate the incidence of mtx induced hepatotoxicity and its risk factors among rheumatoid arthritis (ra) patients. methods this retrospective study described 286 patients with ra who received ≤ 7.5 mg mtx weekly...

carbosulfan (2,3-dihydro-2,2dimethyl-7-benzofuronyl [(dibutyl amino) thio] methyl] a carbamate insecticide and acaricide was administered orally at an effective dose of 48 mg/kg/day to albino mice for 5, 10, 20 and 30 days .control mice received similar quantities of olive oil. daily body weights were recorded and mice were sacrificed after 24 hours after the terminal exposure. the histologic e...

conclusions the pattern of pretreatment with o2 could change this potential and highly protective strategy against cp-induced nephropathy to an ineffective or even mildly deteriorating one. therefore, o2 administration before cp injection to patients with cancer, for therapeutic purposes or as a preconditioning approach, should be performed and investigated with caution until exact effects of d...

Environmental safety assessments for exposure of birds require the provision of acute avian toxicity data for both the pesticidal active substance and formulated products. As an example, testing on the formulated product is waived in Europe using an assessment of data for the constituent active substance(s). This is often not the case globally, because some countries require acute toxicity test...

all aquatic organisms are directly or indirectly affected by the physical characteristics of their environment, especially the chemical composition of the water. the high concentration levels, damage tissues and interfere with the normal growth and proliferation. the aim of this research was to investigation acute toxicity of znso4 and cucl2 to gambusia holbrooki by static bioassays at differen...

Changes in a patient’s patterns of cocaine use are generally considered an important outcome measure of treatment efficacy. Other treatment outcome measures are important as well, but if a treatment does not stop or significantly decrease the intensity of a cocaine addict’s cocaine use, many would question the treatment’s efficacy. Examination of a patient’s urine for evidence of cocaine or coc...

A proposal has been developed by the Agricultural Chemical Safety Assessment (ACSA) Technical Committee of the ILSI Health and Environmental Sciences Institute (HESI) for an improved approach to assessing the safety of crop protection chemicals. The goal is to ensure that studies are scientifically appropriate and necessary without being redundant, and that tests emphasize toxicological endpoin...