Introduction: Tracheal stenosis is normally caused by trauma, infection, benign and malignant tumors, prolonged intubation or tracheostomy. The best treatment for tracheal stenosis is resection and anastomosis of trachea. Yet the major surgical complication of tracheal surgery is postoperative stenosis. The goal of this paper is to study the result of tracheal stenting as a replacement therap...

Nerve growth factor (NGF), a member of the neurotrophin family, enhances synthesis of neuropeptides in sensory and sympathetic neurons. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of NGF on airway responsiveness and determine whether these effects are mediated through synthesis and release of substance P (SP) from the intrinsic airway neurons. Ferrets were instilled intratracheally with NGF...

present research seeks to review factors affecting responsiveness of training organizations to society network evolution. data from 500 directors and deputies of secondary schools in the city of tehran using stratified random sampling gathered through a questionnaire and analyzed using structural equation modeling. reliability of this questionnaire was calculated using cronbach's alpha at ...

these reasons, we believe that fluid expansion must be interpreted with regard to the evolution of SV and HR. It might also be useful to standardize the definition of fluid responsiveness to allow comparisons between studies that use preload indices.dictability of the respiratory variation of stroke volume varies according to the definition of fluid responsiveness.ence of venous return on baror...

The p21-activated protein kinases (Paks) have been implicated in the regulation of smooth muscle contractility, but the physiologic effects of Pak activation on airway reactivity in vivo are unknown. A mouse model with a genetic deletion of Pak1 (Pak1(-/-)) was used to determine the role of Pak in the response of the airways in vivo to challenge with inhaled or intravenous acetylcholine (ACh). ...

Isoprostanes are generated during periods of oxidative stress, which characterize diseases such as asthma and cystic fibrosis. They also elicit functional responses and may therefore contribute to the pathology of these diseases. We set out to examine the effects of isoprostanes on airway responsiveness to cholinergic stimulation. Muscle bath techniques were employed using isolated bovine trach...

We aimed to assess intrinsic smooth muscle mechanisms contributing to greater nitric oxide (NO) responsiveness in pulmonary vascular vs. airway smooth muscle. Porcine pulmonary artery smooth muscle (PASM) and tracheal smooth muscle (TSM) strips were used in concentration-response studies to the NO donor (Z)-1-[N-2-aminoethyl-N-(2-ammonioethyl)amino]diazen-1-ium-1,2-diolate (DETA-NO). PASM consi...

Substance P and related tachykinins contribute to the airway hyperresponsiveness caused by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in guinea pigs. Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is an important modulator of substance P-induced responses. To test the hypothesis that exposure to TDI would increase responsiveness to substance P by inhibiting activity of this enzyme, we determined the dose of substance P required ...