Methods summarized by the term Traction Force Microscopy are widely used to quantify cellular forces in mechanobiological studies. These methods are inverse, in the sense that forces must be determined such that they comply with a measured displacement field. This study investigates how several experimental and analytical factors, originating in the realization of the experiments and the proced...

S U M M A R Y We propose a forward wavefield simulation based on a particle continuum model to simulate seismic waves travelling through a complex subsurface structure with arbitrary topography. The inclusion of arbitrary topography in the numerical simulation is a key issue not only for scientific interests but also for disaster prediction and mitigation purposes. In this study, a Hamiltonian ...

Abstract—The traction behavior of lubricants with the linear pressure-viscosity response in EHL line contacts is investigated numerically for smooth as well as rough surfaces. The analysis involves the simultaneous solution of Reynolds, elasticity and energy equations along with the computation of lubricant properties and surface temperatures. The temperature modified Doolittle-Tait equations a...

Previous study has shown a likely link between increased shoe- surface traction and risk of knee Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injury. Portable natural grass systems are being used more often in sport, but no study to date has investigated their relative safety. By their nature, they must have high resistance to falling apart and therefore newly laid systems may be at risk of creating excess...

In this paper, we present a non-parametric form-finding method for designing the minimal surface, or the uniformly tensioned surface of membrane structures with arbitrary specified boundaries. The area minimization problems are formulated as distributed-parameter shape optimization problems, and solved numerically. The internal volume or the perimeter is added as the constraints according to th...

1. Abstract This paper proposes a convenient numerical form-finding method for designing the minimal surface, or the equally tensioned surface of membrane structures with specified arbitrary boundaries. The area minimization problems are formulated as a distributed-parameter shape optimization problem. The internal volume or the perimeter is added as the constraints according to the structure t...

The dynamic response of a homogeneous half-space, with a traction-free surface, is considered within the framework of non-local elasticity. The focus is on the dominant effect of the boundary layer on overall behaviour. A typical wavelength is assumed to considerably exceed the associated internal lengthscale. The leading-order long-wave approximation is shown to coincide formally with the 'loc...

We introduce a novel three-dimensional (3D) traction force microscopy (TFM) method motivated by the recent discovery that cells adhering on plane surfaces exert both in-plane and out-of-plane traction stresses. We measure the 3D deformation of the substratum on a thin layer near its surface, and input this information into an exact analytical solution of the elastic equilibrium equation. These ...

OBJECTIVE To determine the influence of mechanical intermittent cervical traction on the autonomic system. DESIGN Prospective, cases series study. SUBJECTS Sixteen healthy volunteers without contraindications for cervical traction. METHODS Subjects received mechanical intermittent cervical traction in a sitting position under two traction forces (10% and 20% of total body weight). Electr...