Additional energy source of hybrid electric buses comprises new control tasks. One of the main challenges of hybrid electric buses is the integrated control between traction motor and brakes, associated with which is the problem of switching traction motor and brakes. Existing control techniques only provide a result of frequent switch and jerky ride. In this paper, we propose a control strateg...

Marine and Traction propulsion systems operate in highly dynamic and uncertain control environments. The current speed controllers for marine/traction propulsion systems are based on PID and type-1 Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) which cannot fully handle the uncertainties associated with such dynamic environments. A type-2 FLC can handle such uncertainties to produce a better performance. Howev...

AIM To evaluate Bryant traction at home in terms of feasibility, morbidity, effect on length of hospital stay, outcome and costs. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective analysis of 54 children treated for femoral shaft fracture (1991-2004). Results of 'home traction' (A, n=38) and 'hospital traction' (B, n=16) were compared. Data were collected regarding demographics, length of hospital stay, tra...

Traction folliculitis is a component of traction alopecia syndrome and has received minimal attention in primary source medical literature. The popularity of hairstyles that produce hair traction and the knowledge that early intervention improves prognosis amplify the importance of recognizing this entity. Traction folliculitis presents as perifollicular erythema and pustules on the scalp in ar...

Objectives: To compare the outcomes of prone and supine lumbar traction in patients with chronic discogenic low back pain. Methods: The test was prospective and randomized control trial. The structure of trial was Urban Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation clinic. Participants was included of A total of 124 subjects with chronic low back pain (LBP) and evidence of a degenerative and/or herni...

bending analysis of multilayer graphene sheets (mlgss) subjected to non-uniform shear and normal tractions is presented. the constitutive relations are considered to be non-classical based on nonlocal theory of elasticity. based on the differential transformation method, numerical illustrations are carried out for circular and annular geometries. the effects of nano scale parameter, radius of c...

In modern traction propulsion applications, voltage source inverter (VSI) fed traction motors today operate very close to borderline conditions. With new emerging semiconductor technologies, higher inverter switching frequencies will be possible and high inverter dv/dt-rates appear, resulting in transient overvoltages at the machine which increase the stress on the insulation system and lead to...

Providing safety guarantees for automotive system controllers operating is an important and difficult problem across a wide range of industries. However, most approaches to automotive controllers don’t have formal verification, ignore adverse conditions, or both. A particularly dangerous yet common adverse driving condition is the presence of rain or snow, resulting in a loss of traction with t...