We show how a Metric Affine theory of Dilaton gravity can be reduced to an effective Riemannian Dilaton gravity model. A simple generalization of the Obukhov-Tucker-Wang theorem to Dilaton gravity is then presented. 04.20.-q, 04.40.-b, 04.50.+h, 04.62.+v [email protected]

Modern trade negotiations have delivered a plethora of bilateral and regional preferential trade agreements (PTAs), which involve considerable risk to public health, thus placing demands on governments to strengthen administrative regulatory capacities in regard to the negotiation, implementation and on-going management of PTAs. In terms of risk management, the administrative regulatory capacit...

Drawing on a new and comprehensive measure of logistics quality, our gravity model suggests logistics in the exporting and partner-country can have an important impact on bilateral exports. A one standard deviation improvement in the exporter’s logistics quality, which for example would improve Gabon to the level of Guinea, would raise exports by almost 60%. Landlocked countries’ exports depend...

Numerous models are proposed to model international trade and promote it. Vanek, instead of designing a trade pattern based on the production, introduced a pattern based on the factor content of trade. In the present study, apart from the Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek (HOV) theorem, we attempt to determine the factor content of Iran's trade without factor price equalization by using internal input-outp...

extension of trade liberalization in countries is cause to increasing amount of goods in different sectors. exploit of global trade by increasing competitive power was regarded by researchers and policymakers in different countries. whereas abundance of production factor is one of the agent that makes advantage and qualitative land and labor force are two abundance production factors in agricul...

trips agreement (trade-related aspects of intellectual property rights) is one of the binding agreements of world trade organization, upon the cases originate from that agreement also heared at dispute settlement understanding. one different character of trips agreement is expressing minimum standards. the diverse explanation of its articles may lead to some controversy between members of world...

the relationship between technology and international competitiveness dates back to the neo-technological trade theories of the 1960s. this approach considers difference in technology as the primary motive for difference among nations in terms of trade performance. the technology gap approach emphasizes inter-country differences in innovativeness as the basis for international trade flows. the ...

mudaraba is an old method of finance and trade. comparative historical studies show that mudaraba and a very similar european institution that appeared in 12th century first in italy and then in all europe i.e. commenda, had a very important role in the history of trade; specially in maritime trade of middle ages. from 16th century it strted to lose gradually its importance and then replaced by...

according to the recent literature, the expansion of intra-industry trade increases the intra-industrial excess job reallocation. based on lovely and nelson (2002), this study examined the hypothesis that marginal intra-industry trade has a positive effect on the excess job reallocation in iranian industries. therefore, we have employed a panel technique for iranian manufacturing industries at ...

T his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between China and U.S. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. Our model includes a special case of Biased Growth Theory in international trade. We collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for U.S...