Global trade of finished goods as well as global sourcing of components and raw material is gaining importance. The paper aims to investigate the impact of trade agreements and tariffs on global Supply Chains and to describe the implications for strategic supply chain management decisions in terms of supplier selection and plant locations. The present system of trade agreements and tariffs amon...

This article investigates the impact of regional trade agreements (RTAs) on excluded countries' protection for agricultural producers. Specifically, this quantifies causal an average trading partner's import share from its RTA members, that is preferential share, nominal rate assistance (NRA) to The empirical analysis based a panel dataset covers fifty-four commodities across eighty-eight count...

Preferential Trade Agreements (PTAs) are agreements among a set of countries involving preferential treatment of bilateral trade between any two parties to the agreement relative to their trade with the rest of the world. Preferences, however, need not extend to all trade between the two, and the coverage could depend on the type of PTAs. Customs unions and the so-called free trade areas are co...

Globalization of intellectual property (IP) protection for medicines has been advancing during the past decade. Countries are obliged to adapt their legislation as a requirement of their membership to the World Trade Organization or as a condition of being part of international trade agreements. There is a growing recognition that, in low-income countries, stronger IP protection is a barrier to...

T landscape of the global economy is increasingly dotted with institutions that regulate investment and trade. The number of bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and preferential trade agreements (PTAs) stand out in this regard, with nearly every country a member of at least one of these institutions, if not many. Yet, for all the scholarly attention paid to investment treaties and trade agreem...