the aim of this research is to analyse of empirical relationship of fiscal policy and iranian trade account in the years 1338-1385(1959-2006). in and econometrics model the methods of engle and granger (1987), johansen (1988), ardl, pessaran and shin(1998), philips and hansen(1990), have been used to find out the effects of variables such as government expenditures(the component of public deman...

â â â  â  â  abstract â  this paper aims to identify key challenges facing iran and south korea in their bilateral trade and investment relations. in particular, it is concerned with the policy implications which can be useful for policy makers and business people of both countries. for this purpose, we review and analyze the recent developments of the iranian economy and bilateral trade and in...

V. . . . . Changes in employment, trade, investment, and relative wages A. GNP and employment growth and unemployment levels 9 B. Changing trade patterns 9 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . C. Changing direct investment patterns . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 D. Changes in the pattern of relative wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....

Trade Liberalization and Investment in a Multilateral Framework This paper explores trade policy and investment linkages in a multicountry framework. This is done under alternative steady-state closure rules linking trade to consumption, production, and investment, and emphasizing the general equilibrium nature of capital accumulation mechanisms. When policy shocks are capital friendly, induced...

Background Addressing diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) will require a multisectoral policy approach that includes the food supply and trade, but implementing effective policies has proved challenging. The Southern African Development Community (SADC) has experienced significant trade and economic liberalization over the past decade; at the same time, the nutrition transition has pr...

This paper examines the e ect of a change in U.S. trade policy on the domestic investment of U.S. manufacturers. Using a di erence-in-di erences identi cation strategy, we nd that industries more exposed to reductions in import tari uncertainty exhibit relative declines in investment after the change in trade policy. Within industries, we nd that this relationship is concentrated among establis...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is frequently regarded as a key driver of global economic integration because it brings job opportunities, capital investment, and business experience. The current study examines the impact of foreign direct investment on Afghanistan's economic growth using time-series data from 2007 to 2019, which are collected from the World Bank and the International Monetary ...

â â â  â â  the paper uses economic and energy data analysis and econometric modeling to study the prospects and challenges of korea’s 2003 fta roadmap (mofat 2013) in the form of potential comprehensive partnerships with its major trade and energy partners. it first reviews korea’s international economic and trade relations in recent years with a focus on its major merchandise export desti...

the current study examines the impact of trade openness and business environment on foreign direct investment among 23 countries in southwest asia over the period 2004 to 2012. the research approach is econometric and the generalized regression of panel data was used to test the effect of the variables of interest. the results show that trade openness directly (coefficient of 0.002, p-value = 0...