The detection of pathogenic bacteria is key to the prevention and identification of problems related to health and safety. Legislation is particularly tough in areas such as the food industry, where failure to detect an infection may have terrible consequences. In spite of the real need for obtaining analytical results in the shortest time possible, traditional and standard bacterial detection ...

One of the more dramatic demonstrations of the failure of introductory mechanics courses occurred in 1985 when Halloun and Hestenes2 (HH) published a careful study of pre/post testing of 560 Arizona State University students enrolled in both calculus and non-calculus-based courses. HH used their Mechanics Diagnostic2a (MD) test, 36 multiple-choice questions assessing students’ ability to discri...

Agility is bringing in responsibility and ownership in individuals, which will eventually bring out effectiveness and efficiency in deliverables. Companies are drifting from traditional Software Development Life Cycle models to Agile Environment for the purpose of attaining quality and for the sake of saving cost and time. In Traditional models, life cycle is properly defined and also phases ar...

Controlling for too many potential confounders can lead to or aggravate problems of data sparsity or multicollinearity, particularly when the number of covariates is large in relation to the study size. As a result, methods to reduce the number of modelled covariates are often deployed. We review several traditional modelling strategies, including stepwise regression and the 'change-in-estimate...

Previous research and anecdotal reports have suggested that when certain teaching approaches are used, students not only learn more but also experience greater satisfaction with the training process. This study examined the effects of integrative-learning-based (IL) training in relation to lecture-based training. Employees enrolled in a 3-day manufacturing resource planning training course were...

Rosenbrock–Wanner methods usually have order reduction if they are applied on stiff ordinary differential or differential algebraic equations. Therefore in several papers further order conditions are derived to reduce this effect. In [13] the example of Prothero and Robinson is analysed to find further order conditions. In this paper we consider traditional ROW methods like ROS3P [7], ROS3PL [6...

In ancient times in Iran, infectious diseases of animals and human beings were referred to as choleraic diseases. Rhazes (9th century), followed by Avicenna (10th century), Jorjani (11th century) and others, had specific opinions on the cause and effect relationship in these diseases, which recall the fermentation theory of Louis Pasteur. In ancient Iran, the methods adopted for veterinary proc...