background: major depression is a common disorder with great social and individual burdens. transcranial sonography (tcs) is a useful and noninvasive measure for assessment of normal and impaired brain parenchyma. the brainstem raphe nuclei are in close association with dorsocaudal limbic system and plays an important role in depression. in this study we compared the echogenicity of the raphe n...

Figure 1. A. Axial brain computed tomography (CT)angiography showing a giant left (Lt) distal internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm. B. Axial transcranial sonogram (mesencephalic level): Butterfly-shaped midbrain was encircled for better visualization (solid lines). Arrows indicate the coiled distal ICA aneurysm. He was monitored via daily transcranial sonography (TCS) for the potential develo...

Early diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is of immense importance, since clinical symptoms do not occur until substantial parts of the brain stem have been irreparably damaged. Recent work suggests that by means of transcranial sonography (TCS) it is possible to determine the formation of monogenic forms of parkinsonism at a very early state. In TCS images, the mesencephalon shows a distinct...

The authors present two clinical cases, in which intraoperative transcranial sonography (TCS) was used to detect a change in contralateral hematoma volume. A 51-year-old female and a 5-year-old male underwent osteoplastic craniotomy for epidural hematoma removal. Scant contralateral hematoma was evident by preoperative computed tomography in both patients. Intraoperative TCS was used to detect ...

UNLABELLED In Brazil there is no systematic study on Transcranial Sonography (TCS), a neuroimaging method that depicts echogenic deep brain structures using ultrasound. OBJECTIVE To establish the percentage of subjects with permissive temporal windows and to address the ability of TCS of the substantia nigra (SN) to distinguish parkinsonian patients in a Brazilian sample. METHOD We performe...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We conducted this prospective study to evaluate the time course of hemorrhagic transformation (HT) and arterial recanalization in the early phase of ischemic stroke using transcranial sonography (TCS). METHODS Fifty-five patients with acute ischemic hemispheric stroke <32 hours after symptom onset were studied. A 2-MHz sector probe was used to evaluate brain tissue by T...

We reviewed eight studies on transcranial sonography (TCS) as a tool for differentiating idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD) from atypical parkinsonian syndromes (APS) and included some first data on TCS findings in the subforms of PSP. Changes of specific structures on TCS like the substantia nigra (SN), lenticular nucleus (LN), and the third ventricle are discussed as well as how they can co...

BACKGROUND Approximately 10% of patients clinically diagnosed with early Parkinson's disease (PD) subsequently have normal dopaminergic functional imaging. Transcranial sonography (TCS) has been shown to detect midbrain hyperechogenicity in approximately 90% of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 10% of the healthy population. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of midbrai...

Background. Transcranial sonography (TCS) has emerged as a potential diagnostic tool for Parkinson's disease. Recent research has suggested that abnormal echogenicity of substantia nigra, raphe nuclei and third ventricle is associated with increased risk of depression among these patients. We sought to reproduce these findings in an ongoing larger study of patients with parkinsonian syndromes. ...