Asthma is characterized by the expression of multiple genes for inflammatory proteins, such as cytokines, enzymes, receptors and adhesion molecules. This is orchestrated by transcription factors, which are proteins that bind to the promoter regions of these genes and may be activated by inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines. Several transcription factors are involved in asthmatic inflammation...

Figure 1. Representative MarR homologs and their mode of gene regulation. (A) Structure of MTH313 (3BPX), a MarR homolog of unknown function from Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum, in complex with the ligand salicylate (shown in magenta). One monomer is shown in gray, the other is colored from amino to carboxyl terminus (blue to red). Note the asymmetrical ligand binding; only ligand binding...

What are they? FOXO proteins are a subgroup of the Forkhead family of transcription factors. This family is characterized by a conserved DNA-binding domain (the ‘Forkhead box’, or FOX) and comprises more than 100 members in humans, classified from FOXA to FOXR on the basis of sequence similarity. These proteins participate in very diverse functions: for example, FOXE3 is necessary for proper ey...

Cells that make up the bodychr('39')s tissues are usually three-dimensional architecture, the threedimensional culture system enables cells to create natural and in vivo interactions which is an ideal environment for 3D (Three-dimensional) cell growth and issues such as exchange of similar food exchanges inside Capillary in living tissue. In tissue engineering discussion, cell scaffolding is hi...

FOXA1 (14q21.1) FOXA2, FOXA3, RXRA, PMA, MSA, Ie86, INS1, NR0B2, DHT, POU5F1, FOXD3, GR, PRKACA, LRP5, ER GCG, TCF1, TFF1, INS1, PRDM15, XBP1, PISD, COL18A1, NRIP1, ATP5J, DSCAM, NDUFV3, SOD1, LIN52, PFKFB1 Epithelial cell differentiation; branching morphogenesis; development of lung, liver, prostate, and pancreas. Severe growth retardation, hypoglycemia, electrolyte imbalance. Die soon after b...

Forkhead box O (FoxO) transcription factors FoxO1, FoxO3a, FoxO4 and FoxO6, the mammalian orthologs of Caenorhabditis elegans DAF-16, are emerging as an important family of proteins that modulate the expression of genes involved in apoptosis, the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, oxidative stress, cell differentiation, glucose metabolism and other cellular functions. FoxO proteins are regulated by...

Studies of yeast transcription factors have contributed greatly to understanding basic molecular mechanisms of eukaryotic gene regulation, largely due to powerful genetic approaches that are unavailable in other organisms. The broad outlines of these mechanisms are fairly well understood, and there is an increasing number of examples where detailed information is available.