objective(s):the objective of this study was to find a stable microemulsion vehicle for transdermal delivery of ibuprofen to improve the skin permeability. materials and methods: microemulsion was prepared using different sorts of oils, surfactants and co-surfactants. pseudo-ternary phase diagrams were used to evaluate the microemulsion domain. the effects of oleic acid and surfactant mixture o...

abstract background: acute opium intoxication is one of the most common causes of poisoning in children in iran. although most cases are accidental, traditional misuse of opium for symptomatic therapy of various childhood diseases also contributes to high rate of opium intoxication in iran. cases: here, we report two cases of opium intoxication in infants resulted from transdermal application o...

introduction methanol is a highly toxic substance and methanol poisoning results in severe health situations. methanol poisoning occurs when it is consumed by various methods such as orally, by inhalation, and transdermally. transdermal poisoning is rarely seen and causes severe health complications. conclusions methanol poisoning presents to the emergency department in our country with many di...

Objectives: Cognitive dysfunction in patients with hepatic encephalopathy (HE) may be caused by alterations in cholinergic neurotransmission. The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transdermal rivastigmine in improving cognitive function in patients with overt HE. Design: Randomized, controlled pilot study in which patients with grade 2 or 3 HE were treated with l...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) complications, and assess healthcare costs in menopausal women using an estradiol transdermal system versus oral estrogen therapy (ET). METHODS Health insurance claims from 60 self-insured US companies from 1999 to 2011 were analyzed. Women at least 50 years of age, newly initiated on transdermal o...

Due to its minimal systematic adverse effects, transdermal estrogen is widely used for the prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The present meta-analysis aimed to clarify the effects of transdermal estrogen on bone mineral density (BMD) of postmenopausal women. Studies were identified by searching electronic databases including Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase , and CINAHL datab...

Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChE-Is) are among the main drugs approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rivastigmine in the form of a transdermal patch is an alternative delivery method, and can give greater treatment compliance. Objectives To conduct a preliminary assessment of the neurocognitive and biological effects of oral and transdermal Rivastigmine in patients with AD and ...

The skin is the largest organ in the body and an obvious route for both local and systemic drug delivery. Antisense oligomers have tremendous potential as therapeutic agents for numerous diseases. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of vehicle on the transdermal delivery of several phosphorodiamidate Morpholino oligomers (PMOs) with different sizes, lengths, base compos...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Various physical methods, such as microneedling, laser ablation, sonophoresis, and sandpaper, have been widely studied to enhance the transdermal delivery of tissue optical clearing (TOC) agents. A previous study demonstrated that the microneedling method could effectively enhance the permeability of a TOC agent through the skin barrier. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND ME...

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence and the mechanisms of cineoleand terpineol on the in-vitro transdermal delivery of huperzine A from microemulsions, andtheir potential synergistic effect on the permeation enhancement. The transdermal deliveryof huperzine A from microemulsions with different concentrations of cineole and terpineolthrough the rat abdominal skin was de...