Most of the therapeutic agents are recommended through an oral route, but oral route has disadvantages like first pass metabolism, liver toxicity, etc, due to gastrointestinal pH. This leads poor bioavailability of drugs, which are not stable in G.I pH. To overcome this problem, increase the bioiavailibility, reduce the dose and dose dumping Transdermal delivery system is better option as novel...

PURPOSE Barrier properties of the skin and physicochemical properties of drugs are the main factors for the delivery of local anesthetic molecules. The present work evaluates the anesthetic efficacy of drug-loaded nanocarrier (NC) systems for the delivery of local anesthetic drug, ropivacaine (RVC). METHODS In this study, transcriptional transactivator peptide (TAT)-decorated RVC-loaded NCs (...

Purpose: Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with broad-spectrum antibacterial action, used in treatment of systemic and local infections. Ofloxacin is BCS class II drug having low solubility, high permeability with short half-life. The present work was aimed to design, develop and optimize gellified emulsion of Ofloxacin to provide site targeted drug delivery. Transdermal drug delivery will enhance...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the transdermal permeation of alniditan by electroporation and to compare with iontophoretic delivery. The influence of the electrical parameters of electroporation was investigated in vitro using a factorial design study. The transdermal flux of alniditan was enhanced by two orders of magnitude by application of high voltage electrical pulses. The electric...

The use of enhancers to increase the drug molecules penetration into target tissues is an usual technique in drug delivery. In transdermal drug delivery, electric fields are often used to increase the drug transport through the skin. In this paper we study a drug delivery mechanism from a reservoir which is in contact with the skin. We assume that the drug transport in the coupled system is enh...

Transdermal drug delivery is a validated technology contributing significantly to global pharmaceutical care. Since 1980, impressive growth in this field has been observed with many commercial successes; importantly, a new chemical entity was recently developed and approved for transdermal administration without having first been given as an injectable or oral dosage form. The progress achieved...

Overview For thousands of years, human civilizations have applied substances to the skin as cosmetic and medicinal agents.(Prausnitz 2008) However, it was not until the twentieth century that the skin came to be used as a drug delivery route. In fact, Merriam Webster dates the word “transdermal” to 1944(Merriam-Webster 2011) highlighting that it is a relatively recent concept in medical and pha...

Male hypogonadism has been treated with exogenous testosterone since the 1930s. The early transdermal patches of testosterone became available in the 1980s with gel and solution preparations following subsequent decades. This review focusses on the skin permeation characteristics of testosterone, pharmacokinetics following application of transdermal formulations and formulations currently avail...