INTRODUCTION Morphea (localized scleroderma) is a rare cutaneous disease characterized by skin fibrosis of unknown pathogenesis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a potent profibrotic factor. The role of TGF-β in morphea remains unclear. AIM The goal of this study was to estimate the expression level of TGF-β1 in skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells as well as the plasma levels o...

Background: Successful pregnancy in allopregnant women depends upon the control of graft rejection mechanisms. It has been suggested that some immunosuppressive cytokines contribute to successful pregnancy and transplantation. Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-   β) exhibits potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties which might prolong graft survival. Recent studies suggest a ...

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) is a polypeptide with various biological activities. Recent studies have shown that this and they receptors are expressed in human Leydig cells, Sertoli spermatogonia, spermatocytes sperm cells after birth, involved the endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis. However, there no report on expression TGF-β embryonic testis. TGF-β1 peptide widely distributed ...

In our previous study, 4-hexylresorcinol (4HR) increased the expression level of vascular endothelial growth factor in human umbilical vein cells (HUVECs) via transforming factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-mediated pathway. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondrial stress is a positive regulator cellular differentiation. As TGF-β1 master for differentiation, 4HR treatment may increase ER stress. this HUVEC...

Background: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) molecules are well known for their immunomodulatory properties and their function in tissue regeneration and remodeling. Objectives: To evaluate the interaction of TGF-β1 engineered MSCs with T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) and their modulatory effect on the immune response. Methods: MSCs and DCs were generat...