The relative sliding motion of two elastic bodies in contact induces wear process and contact shape evolution. The transient process tends to a steady state occuring at fixed contact stress and strain distribution. This state corresponds to the minimum of the wear dissipation power. The optimality conditions of the functional provide the contact stress distribution and the wear rate compatible ...

RLabonté et al entitle their paper in this issue of the International Journal of Health Policy and Management "The Trans-Pacific Partnership: Is It Everything We Feared for Health?" Tantalisingly, they do not directly answer the question they pose, and in this commentary, we suggest that it is the wrong question; we should not 'fear' the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) at all, rather we should ...

JAN SIPMA,1,2 M. BEGOÑA OSUNA,1,3 MARIA A. E. EMANUELSSON,1 and PAULA M. L. CASTRO1 1Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Rua Dr. Antonio Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal 2Laboratorium for chemical and environmental engineering (LEQUIA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Girona, Campus de Montilivi 17071 Girona, Spain 3CSIC-CEAB, Cala St Francesc 1...

Recommender systems are highly vulnerable to shilling attacks, both by individuals and groups. Attackers who introduce biased ratings in order to affect recommendations, have been shown to negatively affect collaborative filtering (CF) algorithms. Previous research focuses only on the differences between genuine profiles and attack profiles, ignoring the group characteristics in attack profiles...