Translation is considered as a step in transforming the information contained from source representation to destination representation. In process of students doing mathematical translation there are four stages activity, Unpacking Source, Preliminary Coordination, Constructing Target, and Determining Equivalence. This study aims analyze activities carried out by translating representations gra...

Within translation studies, Derrida’s (1999a/2012) lecture ‘Qu’est-ce qu’une traduction “relevante”?’ (What is a ‘relevant’ translation?) has been read as being that about translation. However, the recently published Le Parjure et le Pardon [Perjury and Pardon]shows Derrida recycled large portion of material from his two-year seminar on forgiveness. In this paper, I explore possibility not real...

This work is first attempt towards English to Urdu Machine Translation (MT) using example based approach. We have developed an interactive MT system to facilitate the user to customize the translation to his needs, thereby improving the performance of the translation. Our MT system supports idioms, homographs, and some other features in addition to the ability of the bilingual corpus to evolve....

Differently from the phrase-based paradigm, neural machine translation (NMT) operates on word and sentence representations in a continuous space. This makes the decoding process not only more difficult to interpret, but also harder to influence with external knowledge. For the latter problem, effective solutions like the XML-markup used by phrase-based models to inject fixed translation options...

Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved and selective RNA turnover pathway that has been subject to intense scrutiny. NMD identifies and degrades subsets of normal RNAs, as well as abnormal mRNAs containing premature termination codons. A core factor in this pathway-UPF3B-is an adaptor protein that serves as an NMD amplifier and an NMD branch-specific factor. UPF3B is encoded by...

The problem of rare and unknown words is an important issue in Uyghur-Chinese machine translation, especially using neural machine translation model. We propose a novel way to deal with the rare and unknown words. Based on neural machine translation of using pointers over input sequence, our approach which consists of preprocess and post-process can be used in all neural machine translation mod...

Imagine sitting in a grand hall, listening to the keynote lecture of the conference you are attending. At some point your thoughts drift-off. When you look around you, half of the audience is staring intently at their smartphones. You ask yourself: what is it about this talk that makes you unable to stay focused? Do you find any aspect enjoyable? How would you behave, if it were you standing at...

Regulation of mRNA translation, the process by which ribosomes decode mRNAs into polypeptides, is used to tune cellular protein levels. Currently, methods for observing the complete process of translation from single mRNAs in vivo are unavailable. Here, we report the long-term (>1 hr) imaging of single mRNAs undergoing hundreds of rounds of translation in live cells, enabling quantitative measu...

The paper proposes a method to extract translation equivalents from parallel corpora which were POS tagged and aligned using very large segments. The strategy we use takes into account the ability of contexts to select senses of words. Given a word of the source language and a particular type of context, we learn its word translation within an equivalent context.