This paper provides a novel model for English/Arabic Query Translation to search Arabic text, and then expands the Arabic query to handle Arabic OCR-Degraded Text. This includes detection and translation of word collocations, translating single words, transliterating names, and disambiguating translation and transliteration through different approaches. It also expands the query with the expect...

Machine Translation in India is relatively young. The earliest efforts date from the late 80s and early 90s. The success of every system is judged from its evaluation experimental results. Number of machine translation systems has been started for development but to the best of author knowledge, no high quality system has been completed which can be used in real applications. Recently, Punjabi ...

This paper addresses a method for customizing an English-Korean machine translation system from general domain to patent or technical document domain. The customizing method includes the followings: (1) adapting the probabilities of POS tagger trained from general domain to the specific domain, (2) syntactically analyzing long and complex sentences by recognizing coordinate structures, and (3) ...

A common and effective way to train translation systems between related languages is to consider sub-word level basic units. However, this increases the length of the sentences resulting in increased decoding time. The increase in length is also impacted by the specific choice of data format for representing the sentences as subwords. In a phrase-based SMT framework, we investigate different ch...

Speed and accuracy of protein synthesis are fundamental parameters for the fitness of living cells, the quality control of translation, and the evolution of ribosomes. The ribosome developed complex mechanisms that allow for a uniform recognition and selection of any cognate aminoacyl-tRNA (aa-tRNA) and discrimination against any near-cognate aa-tRNA, regardless of the nature or position of the...

It is common knowledge that translation is an ambiguous, 1-to-n mapping process, but to date, our community has produced no empirical estimates of this ambiguity. We have developed an annotation tool that enables us to create representations that compactly encode an exponential number of correct translations for a sentence. Our findings show that naturally occurring sentences have billions of t...

The system has been developed to translate simple sentences in legal domain from Punjabi to English. Since the structure of both the languages is different, direct approach of translating word by word is not possible. So, indirect approach i.e. rule based approach of translation is used. The system has analysis, translation and synthesis component. The steps involved are preprocessing, tagging,...

This paper is based on the Evaluation of English to Urdu Machine Translation. Evaluation measures the quality characteristic of the Machine Translation output and is based on two approaches: Human Evaluation and Automatic Evaluation. In this paper, we are mainly concentrating over Human Evaluation. Machine Translation is an emerging research area in which human beings play a very crucial role. ...

We prove that the ENO reconstruction and ENO interpolation procedures are stable in the sense that the jump of the reconstructed ENO point values at each cell interface has the same sign as the jump of the underlying cell averages across that interface. Moreover, we prove that the size of these jumps after reconstruction relative to the jump of the underlying cell averages is bounded. Similar s...