A translator must have a thorough grasp of language and its culture in order to determine the most appropriate interpretation while being true culture's intent. They understand translation technique category maintain consistency translating cultural texts such as idioms culture-specific items. This study explored procedures for items, well their categories, light these considerations. The resea...

from applied linguistic point of view, the fundamental question facing the language teachers, methodologists and course designers is which procedure is more effective in fl/sl: learning to use or using to learn? definitely, in order to be a competent language user, knowledge of language system is necessary, but it is not sufficient to be a successful language user. that is why there was a gradu...

We present a detailed analysis of a graphbased annotation strategy that we employed to annotate a corpus of 11,292 real-world English to Spanish automatic translations with relative (ranking) and absolute (adequate/nonadequate) quality assessments. The proposed approach, inspired by previous work in Interactive Evolutionary Computation and Interactive Genetic Algorithms, results in a simpler an...

Using Chinese characters as an intermediate equivalent unit, we decompose machine translation into two stages, semantic translation and grammar translation. This strategy is tentatively applied to machine translation between Vietnamese and Chinese. During the semantic translation, Vietnamese syllables are one-by-one converted into the corresponding Chinese characters. During the grammar transla...