one of the main challenges facing urban planning in the late 20th century is the growth rate of traffic that influences access to sustainable urban development. one of the solutions proposed for traffic—as well as the economic, social, and environmental problems originating from it—in large cities has been the applying of traffic restrictions during certain times and in specific places in order...

One of the major obstacles in the process of national development, is the disruption in regional balance construct. As has been noted in some studies the existence of regional inequity leads to domination of some regions to surrounding regions and causing political and economic challenges in developing countries. And given that transportation is one of the components of region, undoubtedly equi...

In 1992, the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission created a secondary market for natural gas transportation whereby shippers holding firm transportation capacity on interstate natural gas pipelines can compete with the pipeline in the provision of transportation services. However, if a shipper does not use some of its contracted firm transportation capacity, the pipeline can resell that ca...

This study introduces space, transportation, and money into an economic growth model. Growth theory neglects the importance of transportation on economic growth and transportation economics fails to properly explain how changes in transportation conditions (such as technological improvement, infrastructure investment, and oil prices) affect long-term economic growth. By proposing a growth model...

Today, transportation is one of the substructure parts of society that not only affects the economical growth process, but also is changed in development. The transportation substructure is one of the substructure parts of services has an important position in the economical development of countries. An efficient and appropriate transportation network causes goods transportation and services co...

Although transportation systems are pervasive to modern society, people tend to take them for granted until something goes wrong. Airlines are known to fail as economic enterprises, public systems encounter deficits, excessive crashes occur on highways, and spacecraft are sometimes lost. Understanding transportation systems in terms of their technological and economic complexity, and their impo...

This Chapter focuses on Intermodal Freight Transportation, broadly defined as the transportation of a load from its origin to its destination by a sequence of at least two transportation modes, the transfer from one mode to the next being performed at an intermodal terminal. Container-based transportation services are an important part of intermodal transportation and the backbone of internatio...

BACKGROUND Active transportation including walking and bicycling is an important source of physical activity. Promoting active transportation is a challenge for the fields of public health and transportation. Descriptive data on the predictors of active transportation, including seasonal patterns in active transportation in the US as a whole, is needed to inform interventions and policies. ME...