Containers are ubiquitous in daily life. By container, we consider any physical object that can contain other objects, such as bowls, bottles, baskets, trash cans, refrigerators, etc. In this paper, we are interested in following questions: What is a container? Will an object contain another object? How many objects will a container hold? We study those problems by evaluating human cognition of...

BACKGROUND Bangladesh faces daunting challenges in addressing the sanitation needs of its urban poor. Maintaining the cleanliness and functionality of communal toilets is dependent upon periodic emptying of fecal sludge, and cooperation between users of communal toilets. Trash disposal into latrines can block the outflow pipes, rendering the toilets non-functional. METHODS Pre-intervention: W...

An experimental cotton color/trash meter was developed previously for the purpose of improving cotton color measurement by removing trash-particle effects on color measurement with image processing. In this work, the experimental meter was tested extensively on a large number of cotton samples varying widely in color and trash content. Testing involved: (1) comparing the measurement accuracy of...

Birds, especially gulls (Larus spp.), are attracted to landfills, and when landfills are close to airports, birds can pose a threat to aircraft safety. We conducted a 1-year ecological study to address concerns of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Accomack County, Virginia, officials over potential wildlife hazards caused by the Accomack County Southern Landfill. During 48 surveys c...

The aim of the present experience was to evaluate the harvesting systems on the basis of trash content of raw material and the losses of millable cane, as a consequence of the harvesting operation. The analysed harvesting alternatives include differences in mechanical, semi-mechanical and manual systems and they have been evaluated in plots of 960 m2 of a same uniform sugar cane field, the test...

ABD (Anaerobic Biodegradability) and BMP (Biochemical Methane Potential) of banana plant waste, canola straw, cotton stalks, rice straw, sugarcane trash and wheat straw co-digested with buffalo dung was evaluated through AMPTS (Automatic Methane Potential Test System). The substrates were analyzed for moisture, TS (Total Solids) and VS (Volatile Solids), ultimate analysis (CHONS), pH and TA (To...

The United States' waste stream is the most visible example of popular society's disregard for the earth. The environmental movement focused on curbing the array of crises we now face has been steadily growing since the 70's, however; the extent of its progress in many areas is questionable. Specific to mitigating the amount of garbage that plagues our communities and landfills, recycling progr...

THERE HAS been substantial interest within the Australian sugar industry in product diversification as a means to reduce its exposure to fluctuating raw sugar prices and in order to increase its commercial viability. In particular, the industry is looking at fibrous residues from sugarcane harvesting (trash) and from sugarcane milling (bagasse) for cogeneration and the production of biocommodit...

Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis was used to characterise the microbial communities in the soil under long-term pre-harvest burning of sugarcane and several other land uses, and on a long-term experiment comparing sugarcane burnt before harvest and sugarcane harvested green with retention of a trash blanket. Trends in total PLFAs (total microbial biomass) followed the order: kikuyu pastu...