Methods Arthritis was induced by two intraperitoneal injections of proteoglycan (PG) in synthetic adjuvant dimethyl dioctadecyl ammonium bromide (DDA), two and five weeks before stem cell transplantation. The onset and severity of arthritis were assessed three times a week in a blinded fashion by a visual scoring system. Two weeks after the second PG/DDA injection, a lethal dose of 7.5 Gy total...

To investigate the role of T-helper cells/Treg (Th17/Treg) and morbidity factors related to primary nephritic syndrome (PNS) in children, as well as the influence of ox-low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on Th17/Treg expression in children with PNS. To clarify the pathogenesis of PNS in children, 50 children with PNS treated in our hospital were enrolled in the study group. Additionally, 20 healt...

There is growing evidence that Th17/regulatory T (Treg) imbalance associated with the etiology of autoimmune diseases. Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) a natural intestinal parasite mice and has been shown to activate Tregs in host suppress symptoms diseases models. To evaluate involvement Th17/Treg balance pathogenesis systemic sclerosis (SSc), we investigated effect Hp-activated on bleomycin-in...

T reg cells are pivotal in maintaining selftolerance and immune homeostasis, but can also inhibit immune responses against cancer and infection.2 To tap the potential of Treg cells in clinical application, it is crucial to understand the effector mechanisms by which Treg cells exert their suppressive functions. Many molecular mechanisms have been proposed (see figure and reviewed in Shevach3 an...

Interleukin (IL)-2 is used in the immunotherapy of patients with certain cancer and HIV infection. IL-2 treatment reliably results in 16% to 20% objective clinical response rate in cancer patients, with significant durability of responses in selected patients. However, the mechanisms of therapeutic activity in responding versus nonresponding patients remain poorly understood. CD4(+)CD25(+)FOXP3...

Naturally occurring regulatory T (Treg) cells, which specifically express the transcription factor forkhead box P3 (Foxp3), are engaged in the maintenance of immunological self-tolerance and homeostasis. By transcriptional start site cluster analysis, we assessed here how genome-wide patterns of DNA methylation or Foxp3 binding sites were associated with Treg-specific gene expression. We found ...

Long recognized to be potent suppressors of immune responses, Foxp3(+)CD4(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells are being rediscovered as regulators of nonimmunological processes. We describe a phenotypically and functionally distinct population of Treg cells that rapidly accumulated in the acutely injured skeletal muscle of mice, just as invading myeloid-lineage cells switched from a proinflammatory to...

BACKGROUND Naturally occurring CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells develop in the thymus and represent a mature T cell subpopulation critically involved in maintaining peripheral tolerance. The differentiation of Treg cells in the thymus requires T cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 stimulation along with cytokine-promoted Foxp3 induction. TCR-mediated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activatio...

OBJECTIVE Regulatory T cells (Treg) play a critical role in the prevention of autoimmunity, and the suppressive activity of these cells is impaired in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study was to investigate function and properties of Treg of RA patients in response to purified polysaccharide glucuronoxylomannogalactan (GXMGal). METHODS Flow cytometry and western blot analys...

Severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria is a major cause of global mortality, yet the immunological factors underlying progression to severe disease remain unclear. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells (Treg cells) are associated with impaired T cell control of Plasmodium spp infection. We investigated the relationship between Treg cells, parasite biomass, and P. falciparum malaria disease severity in...