The worldwide depletion of major fish stocks through intensive industrial fishing is thought to have profoundly altered the trophic structure of marine ecosystems. Here we assess changes in the trophic structure of the English Channel marine ecosystem using a 90-year time-series (1920-2010) of commercial fishery landings. Our analysis was based on estimates of the mean trophic level (mTL) of an...

Competition between marine mammals and fisheries for marine resources-whether real or perceived-has become a major issue for several countries and in international fora. We examined trophic interactions between marine mammals and fisheries based on a resource overlap index, using seven Ecopath models including marine mammal groups. On a global scale, most food consumed by marine mammals consist...

Total Solar Irradiance (TSI) quantifies the solar energy received by Earth and therefore is of direct relevance for a possible influence on climate change Earth. We analyse TSI space measurements from 1991 to 2021, we derive regression model that reproduces measured daily variations with Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) 0.17 W/m2. The uses MgII core wing ratio as facular brightening proxy Photomet...

Sediment dynamics and the hydrodynamics of the environment cause the complexity and variability in animal-sediment relationship, both in spatial and temporal. This study is focused on the response of macrobenthic fauna to environmental disturbance caused by fish farming using their trophic structure. Their changes in trophic structure can be used as an indicator of disturbance. Eight control si...

Coastal environments are exposed to numerous pressures that potentially affect marine soft bottom faunas. Among these pressures, organic matter enrichment is very frequent. Several indices based on living (Rose Bengal-stained) foraminiferal communities have recently been developed assess the induced impact and determine environmental quality of environments. Here, we use an open waters Mediterr...

23 24 Understanding how marine ecosystems are structured and how they function is a 25 scientific challenge. Nowadays, to learn about ecosystem trophic dynamics ecologists use 26 two complementary methodological approximations, mass-balance ecosystem models and 27 isotopic tools. However, despite the wide applications of these methodologies, the 28 comparison and combination of both are still s...

The total solar irradiance (TSI) climate data record includes overlapping measurements from 10 spaceborne radiometers. The continuity of this climate data record is essential for detecting potential long-term solar fluctuations, as offsets between different instruments generally exceed the stated instrument uncertainties. The risk of loss of continuity in this nearly 30-year record drives the n...

Reconstructions of total solar irradiance (TSI) rely mainly on linear relations between TSI variation and indices of facular area. When these are extrapolated to the prolonged 15th–17th century Spörer and Maunder solar activity minima, the estimated solar dimming is insufficient to explain the mid-millennial climate cooling of the Little Ice Age. We draw attention here to evidence that the rela...

A platform-independent Java Web application named TSI (Teacher-Student Interaction) that supports communication between an instructor, teaching assistants and students in a traditional on-campus course is presented in this paper. Using the TSI, the instructor and teaching assistants can handle most of the routine work: upload student personal information, send students personal emails, etc. The...

In 1995 the fi rst tracheosubmental intubation (TSI) in Poland was performed in the Clinic and Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery at Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków. Our 20 years of experience with using TSI in the fi eld of cranio-maxillofacial surgery, with 316 successfully performed intubations, resulted in one of the largest bodies of material analysed in the liter...