This paper presents a strong true-score model for tests that consist of polytomously-scored items. Errors conditional on true score are assumed to be distributed as multinomial, true category-proportion scores are assumed to follow a Dirichlet distribution, and the marginal category scores are the Dirichletmultinomial distribution. The model is illustrated using real data sets in the following ...

Well known encompassing tests are usually difficult to implement because it is difficult to compute the pseudo-true value of the quasi-maximum likelihood estimator. In this paper, we propose a more operational encompassing test that does not involve such pseudo-true value. Instead, the proposed test relies on the “pseudo-true score” which is relatively easier to evaluate. We show that this test...

Two studies were conducted to investigate redundancy between the character strengths found in the VIA model of character and familiar personality facets. Study 1 used a community sample ( N = 606) that completed a measure of character strengths, four personality inventories, and 17 criterion measures. The second study used Mechanical Turk workers ( N = 498) who completed measures of the HEXACO ...

This article provides analytic evaluations of population true-score measures for binary items given their item response theory (IRT) calibration. Under the assumption of normal trait distribution, the expected values of marginalized true scores, error variance, true score variance, and reliability for norm-referenced and criterion-referenced interpretations are presented as a function of the it...

This simulation study investigated to what extent departures from construct similarity as well differences in the difficulty and targeting of scales impact score transformation when are equated by means concurrent calibration using partial credit model with a common person design. Practical implications results discussed focus on scale equating health-related research settings. The simulated da...