The pathophysiology of ischemic acute renal failure (ARF) involves a complex interplay between renal hemodynamics, tubular and endothelial cell injury, and inflammatory processes. A growing body of evidence supports the contribution of altered renal vascular function, especially at the microvascular level, in initiating and subsequently extending the initial tubular injury. The extension phase ...

The widely used antiretroviral agent tenofovir disoproxil fumarate has been associated with proximal tubular injury and decreased glomerular filtration rate in HIV-infected individuals. Phase 3 trials of a new prodrug, tenofovir alafenamide, suggest a lower potential for kidney injury.

introduction: this study was designed to evaluate the effects of treatment with flaxseed oil (fso) on renal ischemia-reperfusion (rir) injuries in rats. materials and methods: in this study, 32 wistar rats were randomly studied in four groups: co+ns (control group with normal saline administration), sh+ns (sham group with normal saline administration), rir+ns and rir+fso. fso (0.2 ml) was admin...

BACKGROUND Adult patients with minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) are often associated with acute kidney injury (AKI). To assess the mechanisms of AKI, we examined whether tubular cell injuries unique to MCNS patients exist. METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of clinical data and tubular cell changes using the immunohistochemical expression of vimentin as a marker of tubular ...

BACKGROUND Preconditional activation of HIF with specific prolyl-hydroxylase inhibitors (PHD-I) attenuates proximal tubular injury, induced by warm ischaemia/ reperfusion (Bernhardt, JASN, 2006). Distal tubular damage occurs in humans with acute kidney injury (AKI), in experimental contrast media-induced nephropathy (CIN), as well as in cell-free isolated perfused kidneys (IPKs). Since in the I...

Intracellular iron reportedly mediates many forms of tissue injury, including ischemic and myohemoglobinuric acute renal failure. This action may be explained by the ability of iron to catalyze the formation of the highly toxic hydroxyl radical (.OH) from H202 via the Fenton/Haber-Weiss reactions. To assess whether renal tubular myoglobin/iron loading, induced by a physiological mechanism (endo...

We describe a case of 68-year-old Japanese man with HIV-1 infection who developed acute kidney injury with prominent tubular dysfunction immediately after starting tenofovir-containing antiretroviral therapy. Antiretroviral therapy was discontinued in two weeks but renal function, as well as tubular function, did not shown full recovery even at a 3-year follow-up examination. Acute tubular necr...

Renal epithelial cells damaged by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) can be restored by timely and appropriate treatment. Recent studies have reported that intra renal adult kidney stem cells contribute to the restoration of tubules damaged by I/R. Here, we determined the role of adult tubular cells in the restoration of damaged tubules. We labeled slow cell-cycle cells (SCCs) with 5-bromo-2'-deoxyurid...

AKI involves early Toll-like receptor (TLR)-driven immunopathology, and resolution of inflammation is needed for rapid regeneration of injured tubule cells. Notably, activation of TLRs also has been implicated in epithelial repair. We hypothesized that TLR signaling drives tubule regeneration after acute injury through the induction of certain ILs. Systematic screening in vitro identified IL-22...

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a potentially fatal syndrome characterized by a rapid decline in kidney function caused by ischemic or toxic injury to renal tubular cells. The widely used chemotherapy drug cisplatin accumulates preferentially in the renal tubular cells and is a frequent cause of drug-induced AKI. During the development of AKI the quiescent tubular cells reenter the cell cycle. Str...