Traditional toys and various handcrafted items constitute an important part of the children’s world. Toys are not just fun, but also element in upbringing development child. With help toys, children learn about world around them, to establish social ties, prepare themselves for adulthood. Archaeological finds demonstrate that were made on territory Turkmenistan already Bronze Age their producti...

for evaluation the effect of morpho-physiological parameters on yield and yield components of barley genotypes, an experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in 4 replication in gorgan agriculture science and nature resource field experimental during 2006-2007. the trait was 10 barley genotypes: bomi, torkaman, eize, siah, sahra, 1-yeknavakht, 14g, 11g, 5g and 15g. the resul...

Background: Knowledge of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is essential in protecting women from the devastating effects these infections. This first study that attempts to assess knowledge about one most embarrassing with Islamic Turkmen culture.Purpose: aimed women’s STDs Telafer City and its association sociodemographic factors.Methods: cross-sectional involved 451 over 18 years old Telfe...

BACKGROUND Anogenital distance (AGD) is a feasible and accepted parameter of exogenous or endogenous androgens effects on development of reproductive system. OBJECTIVES Since there is no report on penile length (PL) and AGD in our region, we investigated these parameters in male newborns in Golestan Province, Iran. PATIENTS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we measured stretched PL...

The Iranian population includes several ethnic groups scattered throughout Iran, which differ with regard to their rates for cancer. An infamous 'Asian esophageal cancer belt'stretches to the east from the Caspian littoral in Iran via Turkmenistan to the Northern provinces of China. Apart from the eastern part of the Caspian littoral area of Iran which has the highest incidence of esophageal ca...

Background Leishmaniasis as an emerging and reemerging disease is increasing worldwide with high prevalence and new incidence in recent years. For epidemiological investigation and accurate identification of Leishmania species, three nuclear and mitochondrial genes (ITS-rDNA, Hsp70, and Cyt b) were employed and analyzed from clinical samples in three important Zoonotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (...

The earliest reports of high incidence of oesophageal cancer (OC) in the northern parts of Iran date back to the early 1970s. A population-based cancer registry was established in 1969 as a joint effort between Tehran University and the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). This registry confirmed the high incidence of OC in the eastern portion of the Caspian Sea littoral, in the ...

ABSTRACT- Barley (Hordeumvulgare L.) is one of the most important cereals in the world which is used as human and cattle feed and for malt production. One of the most important steps in a hybrid and selection breeding program of barley is the selection of suitable parents with high general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) for grain yield. In order to estimate the combining ability and...