Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition characterized by increased glucose level due to absence/insufficient insulin secretion (Figure 1). The old classification of diabetes divided it into juvenileand maturity-onset diabetes. Now an etiology based classification devised by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO) is used that divides diabetes into: type ...

considering that mapk (mitogen- activated protein kinase) signaling pathway has an important role in the progression of inflammatory cytokine secretion in type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2dm), we have recently investigated the reported genetic polymorphism from genome wide association study in map3k1 (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase 1) in diabetes as an important member of mapk signal...

Background and aims: The most recent estimates of International Diabetes Federation indicate that 382 million people have diabetes, and the incidence of this disease is increasing. While in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) beta-cell death is autoimmunemediated, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) results from an interaction between genetic and environmental factors that impair beta-cell function and...

People suffering from diabetes mellitus, need to make minor or major lifestyle adjustments. These adjustments can lead to either successful adherence to medical regimens and control of the disease or, on the contrary, to an ineffective or maladaptive coping [1]. Type 2 diabetes patients (T2DM) have to adhere to some responsibilities such as: modification of lifestyle (diet, exercise, and weight...

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder with a dramatically increasing prevalence. T2DM stems from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance. Prolonged insufficient metabolic control with constantly elevated HbA1c levels inevitably leads to complications, most commonly to diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy...

Investigation of polymorphisms rs7903146 and rs12255372 in the TCF7L2 gene in biochemical markers of severity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in a sample of adults with T2DM Simone Morelo Dal Bosco, Cristiane dos santos Costa, Adriana Regina Bitello, Crislene Sippel, Rafaela Bastian, Maria Wollinger, Julio Dessoy, Olívia Bouchacourt, Rosangela Leipinitz, Veronica Contini, Claudete Rempel, Ju...

In the United States, nearly 13% of adults aged 20 years and older have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and its prevalence is still increasing (1,2). Microvascular and macrovascular abnormalities are common in patients with T2DM and are related to the severity and duration of hyperglycemia (3–5). Thus, treatment of hyperglycemia is an important way to prevent or delay diabetic vascular complic...

BACKGROUND Daily routine for insulin-treated patients with diabetes mellitus requires correct performance of self-monitoring of blood glucose and insulin injections several times a day. Dexterity skills may play an important role in the performance efficacy of these procedures. METHODS We collected data of insulin-treated (>10 years) patients with different age ranges [healthy controls, 14 fe...

Heart disease is the most common cause of death in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 1,2 frequently related to coronary artery disease (CAD) and heart failure (HF). Particularly, T2DM increases the risk to develop HF or to die from HF to a greater extent in women as compared to men.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common and troublesome complication in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), contributes to a higher risk of diabetic foot ulcer and lower limb amputation. These situations can negatively impact the quality of life of affected individuals. Despite its high prevalence and clinical importance, most diabetes mellitus patients not only do not recogni...