Most mutations are deleterious and cause a reduction in population mean fitness known as the mutational load. In small populations, weakened selection against slightly-deleterious mutations results in an additional reduction in fitness: the drift load. Many studies have established that populations can evolve a reduced mutational load by evolving mutational robustness, but it is uncertain wheth...

Studies of working memory load effects on human EEG power have indicated divergent effects in different frequency bands. Although gamma power typically increases with load, the load dependency of the lower frequency theta and alpha bands is uncertain. We obtained intracranial electroencephalography measurements from 1453 electrode sites in 14 epilepsy patients performing a Sternberg task, in or...

The purpose of this research is to support office workers to participate in multiple teleconferences simultaneously. In order to achieve this goal, we have investigated how people understand multiple voices that differ in conditions of overlapping rates. We have evaluated comprehension of the context and the keywords in multiple voices, which is necessary for the users to participate in multipl...

OBJECTIVE While sensorimotor alterations have been observed in patients with neck pain, it is uncertain whether such changes distinguish whiplash-associated disorders from chronic neck pain without trauma. The aim of this study was to investigate head steadiness during isometric neck flexion in subjects with chronic whiplash-associated disorders (WAD), those with chronic non-traumatic neck pain...

We take a fresh look at Web page load performance from the point of view of user experience. Our user study shows that perceptual performance, defined as user-perceived page load time (uPLT) poorly correlates with traditional page load time (PLT) metrics. However, most page load optimizations are designed to improve the traditional PLT metrics, rendering their impact on user experience uncertai...

BACKGROUND Many HIV-1-infected patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART) have transiently elevated HIV RNA levels. The clinical significance of these viral blips is uncertain. We have determined the incidence of blips and investigated important associations in the Swedish HIV-cohort. METHODS HIV-1-infected ART naïve adults who commenced ART 2007-2013 were retrospectively included. ...

Precise forecast of the electrical load plays a highly significant role in the electricity industry and market. It provides economic operations and effective future plans for the utilities and power system operators. Due to the intermittent and uncertain characteristic of the electrical load, many research studies have been directed to nonlinear prediction methods. In this paper, a hybrid predi...

Relevant implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive with regard to mine water pollution of downstream water bodies requires pressure-impact assessment and catchment-scale economic optimisation of abatement measures. However, pressure-impact assessment is bound to be uncertain. This is because mine water pollution is often an unknown combination of pollution loads, from both known mine w...

Hypercalciuria may be classified into absorptive, renal and resorptive forms, depending on whether the primary defect is intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium, renal leak of calcium, or excessive bone resorption. In absorptive hypercalciuria, the pathogenetic role of vitamin D is uncertain, and mutations in the chloride channel may occur mainly in association with Dent’s disease. Early studies ...

Projecting the long-term trends in energy demand is an increasingly complex endeavor due to the uncertain emerging changes in factors such as climate and policy. The existing energy-economy paradigms used to characterize the long-term trends in the energy sector do not adequately account for climate variability and change. In this paper, we propose a multi-paradigm framework for estimating the ...