the supply chain represents the critical link between the development of new product and the market in pharmaceutical industry. over the years, improvements made in supply chain operations have focused largely on ways to reduce cost and gain efficiencies in scale. in addition, powerful regulatory and market forces have provided new incentives for pharmaceutical firms to basically rethink the wa...

This paper deals with multi-period project portfolio selection problem. In this problem, the available budget is invested on the best portfolio of projects in each period such that the net profit is maximized. We also consider more realistic assumptions to cover wider range of applications than those reported in previous studies. A novel mathematical model is presented to solve the problem, con...

balance sheet itself does not specify and show all the activities that a bank pays. because banks can do many swap contracts and obligations, exchange, and commitments outside of the balance sheet. to such activities and exchange that will not appear on the balance sheet, are saying off-balance sheet activities. these items are usually reported in the notes to the attached financial statements....