Bi-layer lift-off metallization techniques offer significant advantages in resolution, removal, process simplicity, undercut control and yield over conventional single-layer lift-off processes. Because of its ease of application, long shelf life and lower tool cost, the polydimethylglutarimide (PMGI) bi-layer process has become an attractive method for the metallization of III-V compound semico...

In recent work @K. Srinivasan, P. E. Barclay, O. Painter, J. Chen, A. Y. Cho, and C. Gmachl, Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1915 ~2003!# resonant mode linewidths of 0.10 nm ~corresponding to a quality factor ;1.3310) were measured in a photonic crystal defect microcavity fabricated in an InAsP/ InGaAsP multi-quantum-well membrane. The quality of device fabrication is of critical importance in the perfor...

Pharmacy benefit managers (PBMs) save Americans billions of dollars each year by lowering both the prices that consumers pay for prescription drugs and the prices that health plans pay for drug coverage. As I explain in this Article, however, new regulatory developments in some states threaten to undercut competition in the PBM industry and disrupt the cost-savings PBMs currently generate. The ...

Lithographically patterned nanowire electrodeposition (LPNE) is a new method for fabricating polycrystalline metal nanowires using electrodeposition. In LPNE, a sacrificial metal (M(1)=silver or nickel) layer, 5-100 nm in thickness, is first vapor deposited onto a glass, oxidized silicon, or Kapton polymer film. A (+) photoresist (PR) layer is then deposited, photopatterned, and the exposed Ag ...

In this study, the effect of transverse magnetic field on arc characteristics and droplet transfer behavior is investigated during Laser-MIG hybrid welding Ti-6Al-4 V. Especially, fields with 0 mT, 8 16 24 32 mT are studied. Results indicate that an appropriate can increase stability characteristics, improve detachment efficiency, reduce defects such as incomplete fusion undercut. By applying 2...

When the First Amendment was ratified in 1791 many Americans still regarded trenchant criticism of govemment, its officers, or policies to be criminally punishable "seditious libel." Not until bitter controversy ignited by Sedition Act 1798 did formulate a theory political expression republic that undercut arguments justifying prosecution for seditious libel. The result new libenarianism with r...

A series of physical modeling tests were conducted by means of a beam type geotechnical centrifuge machine in order to investigate the drainage impact on the slope failure mechanism under centrifugal acceleration. Meanwhile, the phenomenon of stress redistribution in undercut slopes and the formation of arching effect were studied. For this purpose, a poorly graded sandy soil (Silica sand No. 6...

Studying the mechanics of nanometer-scale biomolecules presents many challenges; these include maintaining light microscopy image quality and avoiding interference with the laser used for mechanical manipulation, that is, optical tweezers. Studying the pushing forces of a polymerizing filament requires barriers that meet these requirements and that can impede and restrain nanoscale structures s...

A thermal nanoimprint process for the high-temperature (400 ◦C) fabrication of submicron, epitaxial, metallic wire arrays over areas > 1 × 1 cm2 is reported. Based on a method using an imprinted polymeric bilayer resist template that is transferred to a metallic (molybdenum) mask, this process is enabled by an appropriate undercut profile of the Mo mask. The undercut profile is obtained from a ...