It is widely believed that gamma-ray bursts are produced by a jet-like outflows directed towards the observer, and the jet opening angle(θj) is often inferred from the time at which there is a break in the afterglow light curves. Here we calculate the GRB afterglow light curves from a relativistic jet as seen by observers at a wide range of viewing angles (θv) from the jet axis, and the jet is ...

‎The goal of this study is to introduce an Asymmetric Uniform-Laplace (AUL) distribution‎. ‎We present a detailed theoretical description of this distribution‎. ‎We try to estimate the parameters of AUL distribution using the maximum likelihood method‎. ‎Since the likelihood approach results in complicated forms‎, ‎we suggest a bootstrap-based approach for es...

The aim of this research is to investigate source coding, the representation of information source output by finite R bits/symbol. The performance of optimum quantisers subject to an entropy constraint has been studied. The definitive work in this area is best summarised by Shannon’s source coding theorem, that is, a source with entropy H can be encoded with arbitrarily small error probability ...