Beliefs about whether effort pays off govern some of the most fundamental choices individual make. This paper exploit the “lost generation” during China’s Cultural Revolution to understand how these beliefs can be affected, how they are transmitted across generations, how they affect behaviors. During the Cultural Revolution, China’s college admission system based on entrance exams was suspende...

a superficial glance at graduate-level entrance exam items and results (1387) for political science has led me to formulate the following question: to what extent is the process of test construction compatible with the scientific fundamentals of test construction process. the present research aims, on the whole, to upgrade the validity of the exam items and to prevent its dire consequences. the...

University education is one of the primary incentives for internal migration and most educational in Turkey directed toward city İstanbul. In addition to vocational academic achievement, university also provides autonomy young people by allowing them live different perhaps distant areas from their families. this article, we analyze students who have moved İstanbul with regard characteristics ge...

large-scale allocation problem (lsap) is considered to be an important problem in operations research. in this paper, we have tried to model a sample lsap and show that famous linear or approaches in use cannot efficiently help us challenge, develop and handle such cases. we begin with efforts in this area to conclude that timely, efficient and less costly solutions could be only developed unde...

advanced data mining techniques can be used in universities classification, discovering specific patterns in the determination of successful students, design of a plan or a teaching method and finding critical points of financial management. in this article, we proposed a method to predict the rate of student enrollment in coming years. the data for this research were from data sets of voluntee...

Washback refers to the effect of testing on teaching and learning. The university entrance exam for Iranian MA candidates of Teaching English as a Foreign Language (hereinafter TEFL MA UEE) is a nationwide high-stakes test administered every year, and significant decisions will be made based on the examinees’ performance on this exam; therefore, it is prone to bring about degrees of washback at...

Although some piecemeal efforts have been made to investigate the validity and use of the Iranian PhD exam, no systematic project has been specifically carried out in this regard. The current study, hence, tried to attend to this void. As such, to ensure a balanced focus on test interpretation and test consequence, and to track evidence derived from a mixed–method study on the validity of Irani...

Day by day the competition get tougher, the exams harder and the textbooks larger. Indeed, it is a long and winding road for the high school graduate seeking university admission to study medicine. The graduate desiring to excel must prepare to travel a tortuous path laden with obstacles. In Iran, in order to obtain admission to medical school, one must place approximately among 3622 of the 442...

The main purpose of this cross-sectional study was to compare the acceptance rate (AR) of left-handers (LHs) with that of right-handers (RHs) in the college entrance examination (CEE) for the national universities in Iran. During 5 successive years, fifty thousand participants in this exam were randomly sampled. We evaluated the relationships between AR and hand preference, sex, college admissi...

I examine how student allocation rules impact achievement of students of different ability and socioeconomic background. When the assignment rule shifts from exam to district based, a model illustrates that income relative to ability becomes a stronger predictor of student achievement and higher income households sort towards the better school districts. Using evidence from South Korea, I find ...