A graph is Ramsey unsaturated if there exists a proper supergraph of the same order with the same Ramsey number, and Ramsey saturated otherwise. We present some conjectures and results concerning both Ramsey saturated and unsaturated graphs. In particular, we show that cycles Cn and paths Pn on n vertices are Ramsey unsaturated for all n ≥ 5. 1 Results and Conjectures Throughout this article, r...

We call a graph H Ramsey-unsaturated if there is an edge in the complement of H such that the Ramsey number r(H) of H does not change upon adding it to H. This notion was introduced by Balister, Lehel and Schelp in [2], where it is shown that cycles (except for C4) are Ramsey-unsaturated, and conjectured that, moreover, one may add any chord without changing the Ramsey number of the cycle Cn, u...

Fatty acids, which are the essential nutrients for humans, are an important source of energy and an essential component of cell membranes. They also function as signal transduction molecules in a range of biological phenomena. Recently, an increasing number of physiologic and pharmacologic reports on fatty acids have improved our understanding of the association of fatty acids with certain dise...

the majority of hydraulic processes under a natural condition in a field are carried out under unsaturated flow conditions. the soil moisture retention curve (smrc) is the most important hydraulic characteristic of an unsaturated soil whose knowledge is of prime importance in soil-water studies such as soil conservation, soil erosion, land evaluation, soil reclamation, and water resources manag...

effects of using n-3 hufa-enriched artemia and non-enriched artemia as the starter food for growth and survival of rainbow trout larvae compared to commercial concentrated food were investigated in this study. the larvae with average weight of 92.9 mg were fed for 20 days with four food treatments included of commercial concentrated food, newly hatched artemia, enriched artemia, and mixture of ...

ammonium monovanadate (nh4vo3) has been devoted as an efficient, commercially available, eco-friendly and reusable catalyst for the synthesis of bis(indolyl)methanes (bims), oxindole derivatives and also michael adducts of indoles at 50 °c under solvent-free conditions. the reusability of this solid acid catalyst in addition with its selectivity has also been examined.