We study planar drawings of directed graphs in the L-drawing standard. We provide necessary conditions for the existence of these drawings and show that testing for the existence of a planar L-drawing is an NP-complete problem. Motivated by this result, we focus on upwardplanar L-drawings. We show that directed st-graphs admitting an upward(resp. upward-rightward-) planar L-drawing are exactly ...

This paper analyzes the role of communication between firms in an infinitely repeated Bertrand game in which firms receive an imperfect private signal of a common value i.i.d. demand shock. Communication allows firms to coordinate on the most collusive price and it eliminates the possibility of undetectable price cuts. It is shown that firms can use stochastic intertemporal market sharing as a ...

Seeking to enhance communication systems by adding expressive cues. A s the business environment has become distributed, fast-paced, and dependent on information and communication technology, email continues to be an effective and efficient communication medium for interpersonal and interorganizational communication. Despite the expected prolific usage, email remains underutilized within many o...

This study seeks to examine the interpersonal communication flow of livestock group leaders in Banyuasin Regency increasing motivation their members. employed primary data, through in-depth interviews, field observations, and references related this research. The data analysis refers interactive model Matthew B. Miles A. Michael Huberman. results indicate that based on Regency, downward where m...

In this editorial, I pass on to a new team. South African Computer Journal has moved long way since took over as editor-in-chief 10 years ago and am pleased that we have new, enthusiastic team who will take it heights.
 Katherine Malan is the Etienne van der Poel takes from James Dibley production editor.
 did main work of marshalling papers issue shared final layout checks. All made ...

The data transmission by high-speed optical networks has upward trend. Various techniques of multiplexing are used in optical communication networks to satisfy growing demands. Wavelength division multiplexing is currently mostly used multiplex method due to its great advantages. Since the current optical communication networks are based on internet protocol, the optical burst switching present...