walking being the oldest form of urban transport, and until the advent of major transformationsin transport technology in the nineteenth century, most cities were structured in ways that supported walkability.today, there is a change in transportation which emphasizes, the traditional pedestrian paths which are increasinglybecoming non-regulated spaces when compared to the urban spaces for auto...

Economic growth, urban development and the prosperity of automobile industry have driven a huge shift in global transportation from walking to public then automobiles. Private mobility has become an important part residents’ daily trips. Cities, especially automobile-dependent cities, face variety negative impacts such as increased commuting distances, higher congestion costs, traffic accidents...

Overview There has often been an uneasy relationship between politics and planning in the selection of the policies and investments that shape urban areas. Competing interests vie to shape these decisions through the political process, while planning attempts to rationalize the process through analytical methods. Experience has shown that politics all too often trumps analysis, leaving both sid...

transportation as a prerequisite and basics of stable development has a key role and great efficiency in seeding facilities and intellect. it has also a significant role as an effective index in growth and development to the extent that the number of accidents in our country are increasing which carries with them a lot of financial, psychological and social losses, for this reason, it seems to ...