Inflammation may activate stem cells via prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of the expression of stemness markers (Oct3/4 and CD44v6) and COX-2 in urinary bladder tissues obtained from cystitis and cancer patients with and without Schistosoma haematobium infections. Immunoreactivity to Oct3/4 was signi...

Each year, approximately 390,000 people worldwide are diagnosed with bladder cancer1. The disease is the 2nd most common urologic cancer and the 5th most frequently diagnosed malignancy in Canada2. Unlike superficial bladder cancer, muscle-invasive disease is often treated with surgical removal of the bladder (radical cystectomy)3. Even though it is well accepted that treatment should be instit...

BACKGROUND Highly sensitive and specific urine-based tests to detect either primary or recurrent bladder cancer have proved elusive to date. Our ever increasing knowledge of the genomic aberrations in bladder cancer should enable the development of such tests based on urinary DNA. METHODS DNA was extracted from urine cell pellets and PCR used to amplify the regions of the TERT promoter and co...

bladder calculi, a rare condition in the pediatric population, occur most commonly as a result of either migration from the kidney or urinary stasis in the bladder. we report the case of a 3-year-old boy with recurrent urinary tract infections (uti) secondary to bladder calculi formation on the sutures from a previous herniorrhaphy.a 3-year-old boy with previous history of herniorrhaphy present...

results during the period from jan 2000 to dec 2011, at our center, 19 children less than eighteen years of age underwent urinary diversion with yang-monti’s catheterizable stoma. the indications for urinary diversion was neuropathic bladder in eight, exstrophy bladder in seven , valve bladder syndrome in three and persistent urethral stricture in one. none of the children found cic difficult d...

A variable but often significant proportion of urinary bladder cancer in urban areas can be attributed to occupational and cultural (cigarette smoking) situations associated with exposures to various arylamines. The variable N-acetylation of carcinogenic arylamines by human hepatic enzyme systems, the known genetic regulation and polymorphic distribution of this enzyme activity in humans, and t...

BACKGROUND We determine the utility of serial urinary cytologies in patients presenting with microscopic hematuria who were evaluated with upper and lower urinary tract studies to rule out a malignancy. METHODS Two hundred and thirty-seven patients with the diagnosis of microscopic hematuria were evaluated at an inner-city tertiary care hospital. Of these 239 patients, 182 patients had 405 cy...

Background: Cancers of the urinary bladder are the fifth most commonly diagnosed malignancy in the United States. Early clinical diagnosis of bladder cancer remains amajor challenge, and the development of noninvasivemethods for detection and surveillance is desirable for both patients and health care providers. Approach: To identify urinary proteins with potential clinical utility, we enriched...

Bladder cancer is the most common malignancy of the urinary system. The incidence of bladder cancer of men is higher than that of women (approximately 4:1). Here, we summarize the bladder cancer-related risk factors, including environmental and genetic factors. In recent years, although the mortality rate induced by bladder cancer has been stable or decreased gradually, the public health effect...

The ability to degrade type IV collagen, the major component of the basement membrane, is unique to gelatinases A and B. These two matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are most often linked to the malignant phenotype of tumor cells, and their expression is elevated in several cases of human tumor aggressiveness and overall survival. By gelatin zymography, we verified MMP activity in the urine of pa...