Background The vagus nerve emerges from the jugular foramen and continues through carotid sheath in cervical region. is contact with SCM muscle. It has been hypothesized that Sternokleidomastoideus (SCM) muscle tension may affect function of passing it. known there an increase activation individuals chronic neck pain (CNP), which change passive mechanical properties [1]. shown dysfunction can c...

Innate immune responses and inflammation are regulated in part by neural mechanisms. In the present paper, we summarize experimental evidence that reveals that innate immunity and inflammation are controlled by the vagus nerve, previously known as a regulator of other vital physiological functions. Activation of vagus nerve cholinergic signalling inhibits TNF (tumour necrosis factor) and other ...

The hypothalamus is a center of food intake and energy metabolism regulation. Information signals from peripheral organs are mediated through the circulation or the vagal afferent pathway and input into the hypothalamus, where signals are integrated to determine various behaviors, such as eating. Numerous appetite-regulating peptides are expressed in the central nervous system and the periphera...

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been used since 1997 for treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy. More recently, an off-label use of VNS has been explored in animal models and clinical trials for treatment of a number of conditions involving the innate immune system. The underlying premise has been the notion of the cholinergic antiinflammatory pathway (CAP), mediated by the vagus nerves. While ...

Abstract Introduction: There are many studies about the inhibitory effect of the esophageal distention (ED) on gastric motility. Recently, it has been shown that ED decreases the gastric secretions. It is well established that the inhibitory effect of ED is mediated by activation of vago-vagal inhibitory reflex. However, there is not any investigation about the effect of the reflex on the gast...

Because the vagus nerve is implicated in control of inflammation, we investigated if brain death (BD) causes impairment of the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby contributing to inflammation. BD was induced in rats. Anaesthetised ventilated rats (NBD) served as control. Heart rate variability (HRV) was assessed by ECG. The vagus nerve was electrically stimulated (BD + STIM) during BD. Inte...

BACKGROUND & AIMS The vagus nerve negatively regulates macrophage cytokine production via the release of acetylcholine (ACh) and activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). In various models of intestinal inflammation, vagus nerve efferent stimulation ameliorates disease. Given the actively constrained cytokine responses of intestinal macrophages, we explored the effect of nAChR ac...

Vagus nerve stimulation is a palliative treatment for medically intractable epilepsy. This treatment reduces the frequency and severity of seizures refractory to antiepileptic drugs. Implanted generator and helical electrodes electrically stimulate the left vagus nerve at the neck chronically and intermittently. This was the first electrostimulation therapy clinically introduced for epilepsy. T...

The following experiments were done to determine whether changes in baroreflex sensitivity evoked by cervical vagus nerve stimulation are due to sympathoexcitation mediated by the parabrachial nucleus. The relative contribution of cardiopulmonary and general gastric afferents within the cervical vagus nerve to the depression in baroreflex sensitivity are also investigated. Male Sprague-Dawley r...

Vagus Nerve Stimulation Electrical stimulation of the 10th cranial nerve or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has become a valuable option in the therapeutic armamentarium of adults and children with refractory epilepsy. Since its introduction in 1989 over 50,000 patients have been treated with VNS worldwide. Efficacy, side effects and tolerability have been extensively studied. The precise mechani...