We address the problem of assessing value a language. consider stylized model multilingual societies in which we introduce axioms formalizing principles impartiality, monotonicity, invariance and consistency. show that combination these characterizes family communicative benefit functions assign to each language society. The within involve two-step procedure. First, they identify groups agents ...

Abstract Measurement uncertainty, as established in the Guide to Expression of Uncertainty (GUM), is a central concept metrology. The GUM known for its detailed discussions on concepts true value and error their relation measurement uncertainty. However, statements have been source conceptual controversies, sometimes leading inconsistent or unclear descriptions value, error, Here, we discuss th...