The marginal productivity theory is the modern form of three-factor value. It fundamental used in Western economics to describe value creation, as well dealing with wealth category. Its original “trinity formula,” composed three propositions and formulated more than 200 years ago by Jean-Baptiste Say. Because internal logical defects propositions, formula” merely a hypothesis, cannot be accepte...

Abstract The theoretical challenge posed by this paper is to find a conceptualisation of value for entrepreneurship theory grounded in Indigenous knowledge from Māori perspective capable guiding entrepreneurs operating sustainability and wellbeing. We review Western theories value, values, valuation. argue that concepts centre on collective wellbeing as opposed self-interest, have spiritual mat...