In order to guide the decisions of real people who want to bring about good epistemic outcomes for themselves and others, we need to understand our epistemic values. In Knowledge in a Social World, Alvin Goldman has proposed an epistemic value theory that allows us to say whether one outcome is epistemically better than another. However, it has been suggested that Goldman’s theory is not really...

Information retrieval (IR) systems interact with users by returning a ranked list of relevant documents in response to a query. Through feedback mechanisms such as relevance feedback and automated keyword expansion, IR systems attempt to guide users in constructing search queries which better represent their information needs. These mechanisms, however, do not offer the user more insight into t...

We study biological evolution in a high-dimensional genotype space in the regime of rare mutations and strong selection. The population performs an uphill walk which terminates at local fitness maxima. Assigning fitness randomly to genotypes, we show that the mean walk length is logarithmic in the number of initially available beneficial mutations, with a prefactor determined by the tail of the...

Value investing refers to the buying or selling of stocks on the basis of a perceived gap between their current market price and their fundamental value – commonly defined as the present value of the expected future payoffs to shareholders. This style of investing is predicated upon two observations about publicly listed companies and their stock prices: (1) a share of stock is merely a fractio...

Value Sensitive Design is a theoretically grounded approach to the design of technology that accounts for human values in a principled and comprehensive manner throughout the design process. It employs an integrative and iterative tripartite methodology, consisting of conceptual, empirical, and technical investigations. We explicate Value Sensitive Design by drawing on three research and design...

Vroom’s expectancy theory provides a process of cognitive variables that reflects individual differences in work motivation. In this model, employees are rational people whose beliefs, perceptions, and probability estimates influence their behaviors. From a management perspective, the expectancy theory has some important implications for motivating employees in healthcare setting. It identifies...

We are interested in two questions on extremes relating to world records in athletics. The first question is: What is the ultimate world record in a specific athletic event (such as the 100-m race for men or the high jump for women), given today’s state of the art? Our second question is: How “good” is a current athletic world record? An answer to the second question also enables us to compare ...

Smart business networks are built on Service Value Networks (SVNs) across the business's interaction environment. SVNs are constructed via interconnecting and networked value chains linking suppliers, peripheral partners and external support or legislated external sources into the networked internal business cells including executive strategy, target marketing, innovation, operations, IT/web co...