where I follow Nitsch in defining Tijt as the value of real bilateral trade between “countries” i and j at time t, CU is a dummy variable which is unity if i and j share the same currency at time t, Z is a vector of controls given by an augmented gravity model, γ are the associate nuisance coefficients, and ε is a (hopefully) well-behaved residual. My chief finding was that β was large and robu...

The Earth’s time-variable gravity field is of great significance to study mass change within the system. Since 2002, NASA-DLR Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) its successor GRACE follow-on mission provide observations monthly changes in Earth with unprecedented accuracy resolution by employing low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (LLSST) measurements. In addition LLSST, models...

Gravity balancing techniques allow for the reduction of energy consumptions in robotic systems. With appropriate arrangements, often including springs, overall potential a manipulator can be made configuration-independent, achieving an indifferent equilibrium any position. On other hand, such arrangements lose their effectiveness when some system parameters change, mass. This paper proposes met...

To better understand the impact of climate forcing on Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), we study GrIS mass variations interannual timescale as observed by satellite mission Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE). By employing method empirical orthogonal function) analysis, find: (a) That are significantly correlated with Pacific Decadal Oscillation, suggesting a connection to changes Iceland...

We report on the implementation of the real fluid capabilities to CharlesX, the in-house, unstructured, large eddy simulation code used at the Center for Turbulence Research at Stanford University. A conceptually distinct implementation was needed for the puremixing and the flamelet/progress-variable (FPV) model combustion case. For the nonreacting simulations, a Newton-Raphson based iterative ...

In teaching a multivariable calculus course, two main difficulties facing the student are to draw surfaces in three-dimensions, and to setup and calculate tedious triple integrals. The added third dimension causes great difficulty even to the well prepared student who has successfully finished a two semester single variable calculus course. The student must now suddenly think in three-dimension...

The precise calibration of relative gravity meters is essential for the accuracy of gravimetric surveys. We show that in the new Zugspitze calibration system established in 2004 – 2005 excellent accuracies of the linear calibration factor of relative gravity meters in the range of 1–2 * 10 can be obtained. The calibration system is particularly useful for the precise calibration of Scintrex lin...

A consistent picture of the dynamics of the Venus upper atmosphere from 90 to 200 km has begun to emerge [e.g., Bougher, S.W., Alexander, M.J., Mayr, H.G., 1997. Upper Atmosphere Dynamics: Global Circulation and Gravity Waves. Venus II, CH. 2.4. University of Arizona Press, Tucson, pp. 259–292; Lellouch, E., Clancy, T., Crisp, D., Kliore, A., Titov, D., Bougher, S.W., 1997. Monitoring of Mesosp...

This Web Appendix contains supplemental materials. In Section A1, we investigate timevarying effects of each “gravity” and Polity IV component variable. Consistent with our findings in the main text, we find that economic “gravity” variables have similar effects on both extensive and intensive margins, while political institutions matter differently on the two margins. We also find that politic...