The returns from the United Kingdom Cyclosporin Quality Assessment Scheme were analyzed for the period June 1987 to August 1988. During this time the number of laboratories in the Scheme increased from 102 to 124 and the proportion of laboratories using nonspecific assay methods declined, as did the proportion of them measuring cyclosporine in plasma. Seven different methods were used to measur...

Significance testing in comparisons is based on Student's t-tests for pairs and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for simultaneous comparison of several procedures. Access to the average, standard deviation and number of observations is sufficient for calculating the significance of differences using the Student's tests and the ANOVA. Once an ANOVA has been calculated, analysis of variance component...

PURPOSE To describe corneal endothelial cell density and morphology in healthy Chinese eyes. METHODS Specular microscopy was performed in 1329 eyes of 700 healthy volunteers (M:F, 311:389), 10 to 98 years of age. Parameters studied included endothelial cell density (CD), cell area (CA), coefficient of variation (CV) in cell area, and percent hexagonality. RESULTS Mean endothelial CD in the ...

This article examines the statistical determinants of risk preference. In a meta-analysis of animal risk preference (foraging birds and insects), the coefficient of variation (CV), a measure of risk per unit of return, predicts choices far better than outcome variance, the risk measure of normative models. In a meta-analysis of human risk preference, the superiority of the CV over variance in p...

We investigate the maximal size of distinguished submatrices of a Gaussian random matrix. Of interest are submatrices whose entries have an average greater than or equal to a positive constant, and submatrices whose entries are well fit by a two-way ANOVA model. We identify size thresholds and associated (asymptotic) probability bounds for both large-average and ANOVA-fit submatrices. Probabili...

The principle that the standard deviation of estimates scales with the mean estimate, commonly known as the scalar property, is one of the most broadly accepted fundamentals of interval timing. This property is measured using the coefficient of variation (CV) calculated as the ratio between the standard deviation and the mean. In 1997, John Gibbon suggested that different time measurement mecha...

We used commonality analysis to explore the unique and overlapping contributions of two closely related executive functions, working memory sustained attention, prediction children’s reading achievement, over above age verbal IQ. Children aged 8–10 years (N = 104) completed measures capacity, attention IQ achievement (operationalised as word comprehension). found that capacity explained relativ...

Morphometric studies often consider parts with internal left-right symmetry, for instance, the vertebrate skull. This type of symmetry is called object symmetry and is distinguished from matching symmetry, in which two separate structures exist as mirror images of each other, one on each body side. We explain a method for partitioning the total shape variation of landmark configurations with ob...

Analytically distinct estimators have been proposed for the calculation of population-based estimates derived from respondent-driven sampling (RDS), yet there have been few comparisons of the inferences from these estimators using empirical data. We compared estimates produced by unweighted analysis used to calculate sample proportions and by three available estimators that are used to calculat...

BACKGROUND State-of-the-art control systems that can guarantee the pyrolytic exposure temperature are needed in the production of designer biochars. These designer biochars will have tailored characteristics that can offer improvement of specific soil properties such as water-holding capacity and cation exchange capacity. RESULTS A novel stochastic state-space temperature regulator was develo...