Angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis and vascular maturation occur on a regular, physiological basis in human endometrium. These processes form part of a continuum of vascular remodelling involving numerous regulatory factors. Key factors include vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)A, VEGFC and VEGFD, and their associated receptors VEGFR1, VEGFR2 and VEGFR3. A second group of vascular regulator...

BACKGROUND Colon cancer (CC) is frequently complicated by thromboembolic episodes. Thrombin plays a role in angiogenesis and among others induces the synthesis of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2). The aim of this study was to assess the expression of prothrombin fragment F1+2 (F1+2), a byproduct in thrombin generation (indicating the presence of ...

Triphala churna (THL) is a combination of three fruits that has been used for many years in India for the treatment of various diseases. There are now reports which indicate that THL can inhibit growth of malignant tumors in animals. However, the mechanisms by which THL mediates its anti-tumor actions are still being explored. Because vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF) induced angiogen...

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) cancer immunotherapy targets angiogenesis but development of resistance in patients is common. In this issue of Cell, Croci et al. identify a complex set of mechanisms by which galectin-1 prolongs cell-surface retention of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and stimulates VEGF-independent tumor angiogenesis.

Angiogenesis is an important pathogenesis of Endometriosis. Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) is one of the most important factor in the regulation of both normal and abnormal angiogenesis. Anti-angiogenic treatment of endometriosis is still in the exploratory stage. In this study, we investigate the relationship between VEGF-C and endometriosis, the therapeutic effects of Endostar ...

Both VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor)-A and Orf-virus-encoded VEGF-E bind and activate VEGFR (VEGF receptor)-2; however, only VEGF-A binds VEGFR-1. To understand the biological differences between VEGF-A and VEGF-E in vivo, we established transgenic mouse models. K14 (keratin-14)-promoter-driven VEGF-E transgenic mice showed a significant increase in mature blood vessels. However, K14-...

Synergistic Effects of Graphene Oxide and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Immobilized in Polycaprolactone Nanofiber as a Candidate for Diabetic Wound Healing

Background: Tumor microenvironment is an active factor participating in immunoregulation, thereby preventing immunosurveillance and limiting the efficacy of anticancer therapies. Hypoxia as a major characteristic of solid tumors causes the expression of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α). This is a transcription factor that mediates hypoxic responses of tumor cells and involves in the express...